87. Backgrounds

1. Russia after 1881: Reaction and Progress
• [Image Pogrom in Russia]
• [Image Ivan Turgenev]
• [Image Count Witte]
• [Image Mir]
• [Image Kulak]

2. The Emergence of Revolutionary Parties

3. Split in the Social Democrats: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
• [Primary Source The Mensheviks according to Lenin]

88. The Revolution of 1905

1. Background and Revolutionary Events
• [Image Vyacheslav Plehve]
• [Image Father George Gapon]
• [Secondary Discussion/Primary Sources] Bloody Sunday]
• [Image Stalin in Siberia, 1915]

2. The Results of 1905: The Duma
• [Primary Source The Fundamental Law, 1906]

3. The Stolypin Reforms
• [Primary Source Stolypin Agrarian Reform, 1906]

89. The Revolution of 1917

1. End of the Tsardom: The Revolution of March 1917
• [Image Russian POWs]
• [Secondary Discussion/Primary Source Disturbances during the March Revolution]
• [Primary Source Abdication of Nicholas II]
• [Primary Source Lenin, April Theses]

2. The Bolshevik Revolution: November 1917
• [Image Street demonstration in Petrograd, June 1917]
• [Image Central Committee of Bolsheviks]
• [Primary Source Lenin, Call to Power, Oct 24, 1917 Politburo Politburo]
• [Image Reenactment of Bolshevik seizure of power]
• [Primary Source Council of People's Commissars]
• [Secondary Discussion/Primary Sources] Constituent Assembly]

3. The New Regime: The Civil War, 1918-1922
• [Image Signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]
• [Primary Source Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]
• [Map Civil war]
• [Image Poster, Communists appeal to peasants during Civil War]
• [Primary Source Founding the Cheka]
• [Image Join the Red Cavalry!, 1920]
• [Primary Source 1918 Constitution]
• [Primary Source Demands of the workers of the metallurgical plant in Motovilikha, December 1918]
• [Image General Denikin]
• [Image Czech legion]
• [Primary Source Statement on the Japanese Landing at Vladivostok]
• [Image General Peter Wrangel]
• [Image Admiral Alexander Kolchak]
• [Primary Source Trotsky Speech Rallying Army during Civil War, 19191]
• [Primary Source U.S. Participation in the Archangel Expedition, 1918]
• [Image White Russian anti-Semitism: Trotsky ]
• [Primary Source Statement by Kronstadt rebels, 1921]
• [Image Suppressing the Kronstadt rising 1921]
• [Primary Source Emma Goldman, Kronstadt]

90. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

1. Government: The Nationalities and Federalism

2. Government: State and Party
• [Image Politburo]
• [Primary Source Leon Trotsky, Communist Policy toward Art, 1923]

3. The New Economic Policy, 1921-1927
• [Image American Relief Association, 1921-22]
• [Image Market under NEP]
• [Image NEP poster]

4. Social and Cultural Changes after the Revolution
• [Image Street Propaganda]
• [Image Street Car Propaganda]
• [Image Sergei Eisenstein]
• [Image Vladimir Mayakovsky]

5. Stalin and Trotsky
• [Primary Source Portrait of Trotsky
• [Image Lenin in wheelchair, 1923]
• [Primary Source Vladimir Lenin, Testament, 1922]
• [Image Old Bolsheviks: Celebrating Stalin's 50th Birthday, 1929]

91. Stalin: The Five-Year Plans and the Purges

1. Economic Planning
• [Primary Source Joseph Stalin, Industrialization of the Country, 1928]
• [Primary Source First Five-Year Plan

2. The Collectivization of Agriculture
• [Primary Source Impact of collectivization]
• [Primary Source Grain Problem]

3. The Growth of Industry
• [Map Siberia]
• [Image Kasli Iron Works, Urals]
• [Image Tashkent cotton factory]
• [Image Blast furnace, Kuznetsk, 1932]

4. Social Costs and Social Effects of the Plans
• [Primary Source Correctional labor camp]
• [Image Self-denial: Worker and Farm Woman, 1937]
• [Image Sustaining morale by propaganda: Meet the Five-Year Target Figures for the Production of Coal in Three Years, 1931]
• [Image Aleksei Stakhanov]
• [Primary Source Joseph Stalin, Dialectical and historical materialism, 1938]
• [Primary Source Hymn to Stalin]

5. The Purge Trials of the 1930s
• [Image Stalin, 1936]
• [Primary Source Constitution of 1936]
• [Image Bukharin]
• [Image Sergei Kirov]
• [Image Lev Kamenev]
• [Primary Source Stalin's Purges: The Official Explanation]
• [Primary Source Rykov's Last Plea, 1938]
• [Primary Source Purge Trial of Bukharin]

92. The International Impact of Communism, 1919-1939

1. Socialism and the First World War
• [Image Karl Kautsky]
• [Image Karl Radek]

2. The Founding of the Third International
• [Image Comintern congress, including Communists from many countries]