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| 1 | |
Inborn, nonspecific defenses can be divided into physical, chemical, and genetic barriers that impede the entry of not only microbes but any foreign agent, whether living or not. Identify the physical barrier from the list that follows: |
| | A) | mucous membranes |
| | B) | species specific immunity |
| | C) | lysozyme |
| | D) | phagocytosis |
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| 2 | |
Surface protection is classified as |
| | A) | second line defense. |
| | B) | innate nonspecific. |
| | C) | acquired specific. |
| | D) | third line defense. |
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| 3 | |
Nonspecific chemical defenses of the human host include |
| | A) | myeloperoxidase. |
| | B) | lysozyme. |
| | C) | cytokines. |
| | D) | antibodies. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is NOT correct regarding host defenses? |
| | A) | First line of defense blocks portals of entry. |
| | B) | Second line of defense include inflammation and phagocytosis. |
| | C) | Third line of defense is lymphocyte-dependent and specific. |
| | D) | Fourth line of defense provides long-term immunity. |
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| 5 | |
A healthy functioning immune system is responsible for all of the following except one. Identify the function that is NOT one of the roles of the immune system. |
| | A) | surveillance of the body |
| | B) | recognition of foreign material |
| | C) | creation of barriers to deter the invasion of microbes |
| | D) | destruction of entities deemed to be foreign |
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| 6 | |
The reticulum |
| | A) | is a support network of skeletal tissue fibers. |
| | B) | originates in the bone marrow. |
| | C) | interconnects nearby cells. |
| | D) | meshes with the massive skeletal tissue network surrounding all organs. |
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| 7 | |
The reticuloendothelial system (RES) |
| | A) | is extrinsic to the immune function. |
| | B) | provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs. |
| | C) | exists separately from phagocytic cells. |
| | D) | is heavily endowed with red blood cells called erythrocytes. |
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| 8 | |
Plasma |
| | A) | contains hundreds of different chemicals produced by the liver, white blood cells, and assorted glands and body systems. |
| | B) | is nearly 75% water. |
| | C) | contains 25% additional carbohydrates such as glucose and starch. |
| | D) | is the clear fluid found in blood with the clotting factors removed. |
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| 9 | |
Hematopoiesis begins early in embryonic development in the |
| | A) | bone marrow. |
| | B) | spleen. |
| | C) | lymphatic organs. |
| | D) | yolk sac. |
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| 10 | |
Hematopoietic stem cells |
| | A) | are the precursor of new blood cells. |
| | B) | are maintained in the bone marrow. |
| | C) | proliferate and differentiate into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. |
| | D) | are all of the above. |
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| 11 | |
The majority of white blood cells in circulation include |
| | A) | neutrophils and lymphocytes. |
| | B) | eosinophils and basophils. |
| | C) | macrophages. |
| | D) | erythrocytes. |
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| 12 | |
Erythrocytes |
| | A) | are granular in appearance when stained. |
| | B) | function in phagocytosis. |
| | C) | carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| | D) | A & B are true. |
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| 13 | |
Platelets |
| | A) | act in inflammation. |
| | B) | are not whole cells. |
| | C) | function in hemostasis. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 14 | |
The B-lymphocyte |
| | A) | is thymus derived. |
| | B) | matures in the thymus gland in all birds and mammals. |
| | C) | when activated will divide and form specialized plasma cells which produce antibodies. |
| | D) | engages in a spectrum of immune functions characterized as cell-mediated immunity. |
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| 15 | |
The lymphatic system |
| | A) | provides an auxiliary route for the return of extracellular fluid to the circulatory system proper. |
| | B) | acts as a "receiving" system for the allergic response. |
| | C) | renders destruction of foreign bodies through chemical lysing. |
| | D) | does all of the above. |
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| 16 | |
The lymphatic system differs from the bloodstream in that |
| | A) | the bloodstream is a one-direction system. |
| | B) | the lymph is moved via the help of a pump that pushes the fluid through the vessels. |
| | C) | the lymph system is a multi-directional system with vessels concentrated at the "dead-end" areas of the hands, feet, and breast. |
| | D) | lymph flow is dependent on muscle movement. |
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| 17 | |
Identify the specific defense from the list that follows. |
| | A) | Granulocytes |
| | B) | T-lymphocytes |
| | C) | Macrophages |
| | D) | Dendritic cells |
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| 18 | |
Granulocytes |
| | A) | function in specific antibody production. |
| | B) | include neutrophils. |
| | C) | have a rounded nucleus. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 19 | |
Inflammation is characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Redness matches the Latin term |
| | A) | calor. |
| | B) | tumor. |
| | C) | dolor. |
| | D) | rubor. |
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| 20 | |
The chief functions of the inflammatory response include |
| | A) | bringing immune components to injury via cytokines. |
| | B) | initiate mechanisms to repair tissue. |
| | C) | destroy and block invasion of microbes. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 21 | |
_______ are produced by leukocytes and fibroblasts. It inhibits virus replication and cell division and increases the action of certain lymphocytes that kill other cells. |
| | A) | Cytokines |
| | B) | Interferons |
| | C) | Chemokines |
| | D) | TNF |
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| 22 | |
Monocytes leave the marrow via the bloodstream. As they enter tissues, they mature and become |
| | A) | granulocytes. |
| | B) | lymphocytes. |
| | C) | macrophages. |
| | D) | neutrophils. |
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| 23 | |
Fever |
| | A) | is a type of specific immunity. |
| | B) | is caused only by endogenous pyrogens. |
| | C) | increases the rapidity of the host immune responses. |
| | D) | increases the viability of many microbial invaders. |
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| 24 | |
Complement is found in the |
| | A) | red blood cells. |
| | B) | white blood cells. |
| | C) | platelets. |
| | D) | plasma. |
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| 25 | |
Interferon synthesis |
| | A) | protects the synthesizing cell from viral attack. |
| | B) | signals cells nearby to synthesize antiviral proteins. |
| | C) | blocks viral attachment to nearby cells. |
| | D) | degrades viral nucleic acids. |
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| 26 | |
B and T cells provide acquired, short-term protection against specific microbes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
The body is partitioned into several fluid-filled spaces that are physically separated without connections to one another. This arrangement makes it difficult for the immune system to function at its optimum capacity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
Fever is a systemic response while inflammation is a localized response. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
Chills indicate a rapidly decreasing temperature. It means the fever is breaking. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
Complement is a complex defense system that results, by way of a cascade mechanism, in the formation of a membrane attack complex that kills cells by creating holes in their membranes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
A robust commensal microbiota defends against invading pathogens. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 32 | |
Lymph flows from the heart to the extremities. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 33 | |
T-cells mature in the thyroid gland. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 34 | |
Eosinophils are involved in allergy and defense against large eukaryotic pathogens. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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