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| 1 | |
______ are molecules that stimulate a response by T and B cells. |
| | A) | Antibodies |
| | B) | Antigens |
| | C) | Interferons |
| | D) | Platelets |
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| 2 | |
Place the following stages of immune function in the proper order according to the clonal selection theory:
1: challenge of B- and T-lymphocytes
2: lymphocyte development and differentiation
3: presentation of antigens
4: T-lymphocyte response
5: production of antibodies by B-lymphocytes |
| | A) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
| | B) | 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 |
| | C) | 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 |
| | D) | 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 |
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| 3 | |
B lymphocytes |
| | A) | produce antigens. |
| | B) | are activated by TH interaction. |
| | C) | are associated with cell-mediated immunity. |
| | D) | activate the CMI pathway. |
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| 4 | |
An immunoglobulin is made up of four polypeptide chains, two heavy and two light. The hypervariable region which binds the antigen lies |
| | A) | in the FAb |
| | B) | in the FC |
| | C) | on the heavy chains |
| | D) | on the light chains |
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| 5 | |
Surface receptors on immune system cells function in |
| | A) | identification of self/non-self. |
| | B) | communication. |
| | C) | cell development. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 6 | |
"Self" markers in human cells |
| | A) | are lipopolysaccharides of the GALT. |
| | B) | are glycoproteins of the MHC. |
| | C) | are identical between individuals. |
| | D) | are clonally selected. |
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| 7 | |
_______ are large glycoprotein molecules that serve as the specific receptors of B cells and as antibodies. |
| | A) | Immunoglobulin molecules |
| | B) | Antigens |
| | C) | Human cell markers |
| | D) | Immunogens |
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| 8 | |
T cells |
| | A) | mature in the bone marrow. |
| | B) | circulate in low numbers in the blood. |
| | C) | produce antibodies. |
| | D) | function in activating other immune cells. |
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| 9 | |
Materials that work well as immunogens include |
| | A) | proteins, lipoproteins, polysaccharides |
| | B) | glycoproteins, DNA, RNA |
| | C) | lipopolysaccharides, haptens, monosaccharides |
| | D) | small molecules, simple molecules, and repetitive molecules |
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| 10 | |
The portion of a molecule which elicits an immune response is called |
| | A) | a mosaic. |
| | B) | a hapten. |
| | C) | an epitope. |
| | D) | an alloantigen. |
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| 11 | |
Haptens |
| | A) | are extremely large molecules. |
| | B) | cannot be immunogenic even when attached to a larger substance. |
| | C) | can attach to substances such as host serum lipids. |
| | D) | act when attached to a larger carrier to trigger immune responses. |
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| 12 | |
Antigen presenting cells include |
| | A) | macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells |
| | B) | T cells, B cells, mast cells |
| | C) | memory cells, macrophages, TC cells |
| | D) | plasma cells, mast cells, immunoglobin cells |
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| 13 | |
During clonal selection and antigen binding |
| | A) | the B cell interacts with the attached microbe. |
| | B) | the B cell interacts with a T helper cell. |
| | C) | the T cell gives off interleukins. |
| | D) | B cells recognize microbes and their foreign antigens. |
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| 14 | |
This immunoglobulin gives long-term immunity and is associated with memory response. |
| | A) | IgG |
| | B) | IgA |
| | C) | IgM |
| | D) | IgD |
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| 15 | |
The only immunoglobin that is secreted outside of tissues (found in tears, saliva, mucus, and colostrums), secretory is a dimer held together by a J chain. |
| | A) | IgA |
| | B) | IgM |
| | C) | IgD |
| | D) | IgE |
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| 16 | |
_________ are the result of B cell activation and secrete specific antibody. They are large, specialized, and the most numerous of B cell progeny. |
| | A) | TH cells |
| | B) | B cells |
| | C) | Plasma cells |
| | D) | Mast cells |
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| 17 | |
______ is the capacity of certain T cells to kill a specific target cell. |
| | A) | Cytotoxicity |
| | B) | Apoptosis |
| | C) | Vaccination |
| | D) | Necrosis |
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| 18 | |
The anamnestic response to an antigen results from |
| | A) | a latent period. |
| | B) | prior antigen exposure. |
| | C) | TC cell activity. |
| | D) | antiserum. |
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| 19 | |
"Cell mediated immunity" refers to |
| | A) | B cell activation and plasma cell production. |
| | B) | monocyte conversion. |
| | C) | T cell responses to antigen. |
| | D) | MHC markers on "self" cell surfaces. |
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| 20 | |
Protection from infection obtained through medical procedures is called |
| | A) | active immunity. |
| | B) | passive immunity. |
| | C) | natural immunity. |
| | D) | artificial immunity. |
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| 21 | |
Artificial passive immunity usually involves administration of |
| | A) | an antigen to stimulate antibody production. |
| | B) | antiserum. |
| | C) | an attenuated vaccine. |
| | D) | a live preparation vaccine. |
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| 22 | |
Active immunization is synonymous with |
| | A) | natural immunity. |
| | B) | passive immunity. |
| | C) | vaccination. |
| | D) | breastfeeding. |
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| 23 | |
An advantage of attenuated live preparations in vaccines is that |
| | A) | viable microorganisms can multiply and produce infections and mild cases of the disease. |
| | B) | they confer short-lasting protection. |
| | C) | they usually require more doses. |
| | D) | they usually require fewer boosters. |
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| 24 | |
Vaccines typically can use any of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | killed microbes or microbe parts. |
| | B) | live, attenuated microbes. |
| | C) | live, virulent microbes. |
| | D) | genetically engineered microbes. |
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| 25 | |
Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies? |
| | A) | opsonization |
| | B) | agglutination |
| | C) | complement fixation |
| | D) | T-cell activation |
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| 26 | |
The two features that most characterize the third line of defense are sensitivity and memory. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
The Clonal Selection Theory says that early undifferentiated monocytes in the embryo and fetus undergo a continuous series of divisions and genetic changes that generate hundreds of millions of different cell types, each carrying a particular receptor specificity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
Immunogens are proteins or other complex molecules of high molecular weight that trigger the immune response in the host. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
APCs function by binding foreign antigen to their cell surfaces for presentation to neutrophils for phagocytosis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
The memory response means that the second exposure to an antigen calls forth a much faster and more vigorous response than the first. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
Attenuation is any process that kills a virus or bacteria to negate its virulence during vaccine production. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 32 | |
Vaccination programs seek to protect the individual directly through raising the antibody titer and indirectly through the development of herd immunity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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