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| 1 | |
Cold viruses |
| | A) | can result in an infection called rhinitis. |
| | B) | are usually transmitted via direct contact. |
| | C) | require a culture to be diagnosed. |
| | D) | can be prevented with a vaccine. |
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| 2 | |
Sinusitis |
| | A) | is an inflammatory condition of the lungs. |
| | B) | can be caused by an allergy. |
| | C) | can be caused only by viruses. |
| | D) | cannot be treated by antibiotics. |
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| 3 | |
Otitis media |
| | A) | may be accompanied by a sensation of fullness or pain in the ear. |
| | B) | may be accompanied by loss of hearing. |
| | C) | may be due to biofilm formation. |
| | D) | all of the above are correct. |
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| 4 | |
Pharyngitis is |
| | A) | an inflammation of the inner ear. |
| | B) | an infection of the lower respiratory tract. |
| | C) | the production of a membrane over the throat. |
| | D) | an inflammation of the throat. |
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| 5 | |
Pharyngitis caused by ________ in young adults is nearly as common as pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. |
| | A) | viruses |
| | B) | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| | C) | Haemophilus influenzae |
| | D) | Fusobacterium necrophorum |
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| 6 | |
Rheumatic fever |
| | A) | is the result of infection with an S. pyogenes strain that is itself infected with a bacteriophage. |
| | B) | tends to occur approximately three weeks after pharyngitis has subsided. |
| | C) | can result in permanent damage to the lungs. |
| | D) | is completely preventable if the original streptococcal infection is treated with radiation. |
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| 7 | |
Group A streptococci owe some of their virulence to the effects of hemolysins called |
| | A) | streptolysins. |
| | B) | endolysins. |
| | C) | erythrogenic toxins. |
| | D) | endotoxins. |
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| 8 | |
The control of diphtheria in populations has been due to immunization with |
| | A) | killed Corynebacterium cells. |
| | B) | attenuated Corynebacteria. |
| | C) | diphtheria antitoxin. |
| | D) | diphtheria toxoid. |
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| 9 | |
In the progression of pertussis (Whooping Cough), the following sequence of phases is observed: |
| | A) | primary, reactivation, extrapulmonary |
| | B) | primary, secondary, tertiary |
| | C) | catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent |
| | D) | adhesion, progression, dyspnea |
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| 10 | |
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
| | A) | manifests as a cold in older children and adults. |
| | B) | shows symptoms of croup. |
| | C) | can be prevented by passive antibody therapy. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 11 | |
The difficulties of maintaining a long-term immune response to influenza viruses are due to |
| | A) | the nature of a ssRNA virus. |
| | B) | antibody drift from avian flus. |
| | C) | the lipid envelope being host-specific. |
| | D) | antigenic shift from zoonotic sources. |
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| 12 | |
Pandemic influenza, according to the WHO, is |
| | A) | preventable by vaccinations. |
| | B) | likely to be isolated to developing countries. |
| | C) | recurrent. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 13 | |
Which opportunistic fungus of the lungs can cause a secondary infection in tuberculosis or very ill patients? |
| | A) | Histoplasma capsulatum |
| | B) | Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| | C) | Blastomyces dermatitidis |
| | D) | Candida albicans |
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| 14 | |
During which stage of tuberculosis do tubercles filled with masses of bacteria expand and drain into the bronchial tubes and upper respiratory tract? |
| | A) | primary tuberculosis |
| | B) | secondary tuberculosis |
| | C) | extrapulmonary tuberculosis |
| | D) | tertiary tuberculosis |
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| 15 | |
What method can be used to diagnose tuberculosis? |
| | A) | positive skin test |
| | B) | chest X rays |
| | C) | acid-fast staining |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following is NOT associated with extrapulmonary tuberculosis? |
| | A) | intestines |
| | B) | kidneys |
| | C) | lungs |
| | D) | brain |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following is NOT used to treat tuberculosis? |
| | A) | isoniazid |
| | B) | vancomycin |
| | C) | rifampin |
| | D) | rifapentine |
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| 18 | |
Pneumonia signs and symptoms include |
| | A) | runny nose, congestion, headache, discolored sputum |
| | B) | fever, rhinitis, otitis, pharyngitis |
| | C) | low grade fever, lack of appetite, sore throat |
| | D) | runny nose, severe and uncontrollable coughing spasms |
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| 19 | |
Legionella species |
| | A) | are weakly gram-positive bacteria. |
| | B) | consist of one subtype. |
| | C) | are widely distributed in soil. |
| | D) | are pleomorphic. |
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| 20 | |
Mycoplasmas |
| | A) | are among the smallest known self-replicating microorganisms. |
| | B) | cause wound infections. |
| | C) | have a very strong cell wall. |
| | D) | cause infections that can be confirmed with a Gram stain. |
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| 21 | |
Hantavirus |
| | A) | is classified as an emerging disease. |
| | B) | first formed in clusters in the southeastern U.S. |
| | C) | results in nausea and diarrhea |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 22 | |
SARS |
| | A) | is short for severe acute respiratory syndrome. |
| | B) | is caused by a bacterium. |
| | C) | originated in Africa. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 23 | |
Which of the following organisms cannot survive inside phagocytic cells? |
| | A) | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| | B) | HIV |
| | C) | Histoplasma capsulatum |
| | D) | Legionella species |
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| 24 | |
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are |
| | A) | causative agents of the common cold. |
| | B) | commonly responsible for hospital acquired pneumonia. |
| | C) | Gram-positive cocci. |
| | D) | acid fast. |
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| 25 | |
Prevention of hospital acquired pneumonias include methods such as |
| | A) | elevating patients' heads to a 45 degree angle. |
| | B) | shallow breathing exercises. |
| | C) | use of antitussive drugs to reduce cough. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 26 | |
The U.S. Public Health Service has listed six infectious diseases as "Category A" — in their possible use as bioterrorism agents. These diseases include: |
| | A) | tularemia, pulmonary anthrax, pneumonic plague |
| | B) | tuberculosis, Legionella pneumonia, histoplasmosis |
| | C) | anthrax, diphtheria, SARS |
| | D) | Hantavirus, tuberculosis, HIV |
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| 27 | |
The respiratory tract is the most common portal of entry for infectious agents. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
The respiratory tract has no normal biota. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
The common cold is caused by one virus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
Humans are rather easily infected with the tubercle TB bacterium. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can survive up to 10 years suspended in fine aerosols. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 32 | |
The minimum infectious dose for tuberculosis lung infection is around 10 cells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 33 | |
Secondary tuberculosis is also known as reactivation tuberculosis. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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