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| 1 | |
Microbial ecology is |
| | A) | the study of practical uses of microbes in industry. |
| | B) | the study of microorganisms in the laboratory. |
| | C) | the study of microbes in their natural habitat. |
| | D) | the release of genetically recombined microbes. |
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| 2 | |
The land portion of the earth is the |
| | A) | biome. |
| | B) | atmosphere. |
| | C) | hydrosphere. |
| | D) | lithosphere. |
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| 3 | |
Abiotic factors in the environment include |
| | A) | dead animals. |
| | B) | decomposing plant material. |
| | C) | water. |
| | D) | A and B are correct. |
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| 4 | |
A population is |
| | A) | an association of organisms within a niche. |
| | B) | a group of the same species in an area. |
| | C) | the organisms found in a particular altitude and latitude. |
| | D) | all organisms of the same genus. |
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| 5 | |
Microbes can be found as ___________ on an energy pyramid. |
| | A) | primary producers |
| | B) | consumers |
| | C) | decomposers |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 6 | |
____________ are carnivores. |
| | A) | Primary consumers |
| | B) | Primary producers |
| | C) | Secondary consumers |
| | D) | Decomposers |
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| 7 | |
Usually, bioremediation involves several types of microbes in a collection called |
| | A) | a consortium. |
| | B) | a population. |
| | C) | an association. |
| | D) | autotrophs. |
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| 8 | |
Nearly 50% of all carbon fixation occurs in |
| | A) | grasses. |
| | B) | deciduous trees. |
| | C) | pine trees. |
| | D) | cyanobacteria and phytoplankton. |
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| 9 | |
Primary consumers include |
| | A) | herbivores. |
| | B) | carnivores. |
| | C) | protozoa. |
| | D) | bacteria and fungi. |
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| 10 | |
________ break down and absorb the organic matter of dead organisms. |
| | A) | Primary consumers |
| | B) | Secondary consumers |
| | C) | Tertiary consumers |
| | D) | Decomposers |
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| 11 | |
Carbon cycling works by |
| | A) | interaction with hydrogen and oxygen cycles. |
| | B) | returning CO2 from respiration to the atmosphere. |
| | C) | fixing CO2 in photosynthesis. |
| | D) | all of the above are correct. |
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| 12 | |
Nitrogen cycling includes _________ of N2. |
| | A) | denitrification |
| | B) | ammonification |
| | C) | fixation. |
| | D) | nitrification |
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| 13 | |
Rhizobium root nodules in legume plants |
| | A) | nitrify N2 from the air. |
| | B) | nitrify ammonia from the air. |
| | C) | fix N2 from the air. |
| | D) | fix ammonia from the air. |
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| 14 | |
The main pool of phosphorus exists |
| | A) | in the ocean. |
| | B) | in sediments. |
| | C) | in the air. |
| | D) | in plants. |
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| 15 | |
The rhizosphere is the |
| | A) | zone of soil around plant roots. |
| | B) | plants involved in a niche. |
| | C) | living part of the biosphere. |
| | D) | rock and soil part of the lithosphere. |
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| 16 | |
Plants have associations belowground with |
| | A) | mycorrhizal fungi. |
| | B) | nitrogen-fixing bacteria. |
| | C) | biofilms of microbes. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 17 | |
In following the hydrologic cycle, |
| | A) | CO2 is released in respiration. |
| | B) | H2O is returned to soil via evaporation. |
| | C) | H2O is returned to air via transpiration. |
| | D) | CO2 is fixed in photosynthesis. |
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| 18 | |
In large bodies of water, the ________ prevents the warmer and cooler layers from mixing. |
| | A) | epilimnion |
| | B) | thermocline |
| | C) | hypolimnion |
| | D) | upwelling |
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| 19 | |
Phytoplankton include |
| | A) | algae and cyanobacteria. |
| | B) | protozoa and invertebrates. |
| | C) | larger invertebrates and fish. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 20 | |
Larger bodies of standing water develop gradients in temperature, with |
| | A) | the upper oligotrophic zone separated from the lower eutrophic zone. |
| | B) | the upwelling zone separated from the downwelling zone. |
| | C) | the epilimnion separated from the hypolimnion by the thermocline. |
| | D) | the hypersaline region separated from the hyposaline region by the halocline. |
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| 21 | |
The amount of oxygen dissolved in large bodies of fresh water depends on |
| | A) | the amount of dissolved solids in the water. |
| | B) | the season of the year. |
| | C) | the temperature. |
| | D) | the microbial activity in the water. |
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| 22 | |
The addition of excess nutrients in aquatic habitats can result in |
| | A) | oxygenation. |
| | B) | oligotrophication. |
| | C) | eutrophication. |
| | D) | stratification. |
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| 23 | |
Indicator bacteria in water quality testing are |
| | A) | intestinal residents of birds and mammals. |
| | B) | readily identifiable. |
| | C) | usually coliforms and enterics. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 24 | |
Eutrophication is triggered by |
| | A) | industrial wastes. |
| | B) | detergents in household wastewater. |
| | C) | runoff from manure and fertilizer in fields. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 25 | |
The overall role that a species serves in a community is known as its niche. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
Decomposers operate at all levels of the food pyramid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
Biogeochemical cycles maintain a balance of nutrients in the biosphere. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
Greenhouse gases include nitrates and ammonia, as well as water vapor. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has steadily decreased over the past 25 years. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
Microbes can utilize NO2-, NO3-, NH4++, N2-, and organic nitrogen. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
Toxic elements such as arsenic, chromium, lead, and mercury accumulate at each level of the food chain. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 32 | |
Certain microbes in the soil can degrade antibiotics and metabolize them for energy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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