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| 1 | |
Who postulated the idea that there are "living things" smaller than bacteria (that were not able to be filtered out of solution), and proposed the term "virus"? |
| | A) | Louis Pasteur |
| | B) | D. Ivanovski and M. Beijerinck |
| | C) | Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch |
| | D) | Carl Woese |
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| 2 | |
Identify the individual(s) responsible for demonstrating that a disease in tobacco was caused by a virus. |
| | A) | D. Ivanovski and M. Beijerinck |
| | B) | Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch |
| | C) | Carl Woese |
| | D) | Louis Pasteur |
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| 3 | |
Viruses are best viewed by |
| | A) | phase contrast microscopy. |
| | B) | electron microscopy. |
| | C) | dark-field microscopy. |
| | D) | bright-field microscopy. |
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| 4 | |
The central core of a virus particle consists of |
| | A) | a sheath. |
| | B) | an envelope. |
| | C) | flagella. |
| | D) | nucleic acid. |
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| 5 | |
The simplest virus is a(n) |
| | A) | naked virus. |
| | B) | enveloped virus. |
| | C) | bacteriophage. |
| | D) | adenovirus. |
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| 6 | |
A viral capsid is composed of |
| | A) | lipids. |
| | B) | nucleic acids. |
| | C) | carbohydrates. |
| | D) | proteins. |
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| 7 | |
Spikes are essential for the |
| | A) | replicaton of the virus. |
| | B) | attachment of viruses to the host cell. |
| | C) | formation of binding layers between the envelope and the capsid. |
| | D) | protection of the core of the virus. |
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| 8 | |
Viruses differ from cells in that viruses |
| | A) | are alive. |
| | B) | contain DNA or RNA but not both. |
| | C) | only reproduce asexually. |
| | D) | have more genes. |
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| 9 | |
Enveloped viruses include |
| | A) | herpes virus |
| | B) | parvovirus |
| | C) | bacteriophages |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 10 | |
Viruses completely lack the genes for synthesis of |
| | A) | metabolic enzymes. |
| | B) | proteins in the capsid. |
| | C) | lipids in the envelope. |
| | D) | nucleic acids in the core. |
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| 11 | |
The main criteria presently used for grouping viruses does NOT include |
| | A) | structure. |
| | B) | chemical composition. |
| | C) | similarities in genetic makeup. |
| | D) | host infected. |
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| 12 | |
The term Poxviridae indicates that we are looking at a virus |
| | A) | order. |
| | B) | family. |
| | C) | genus. |
| | D) | species. |
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| 13 | |
Identify the proper order of phases in the life cycle of animal viruses: |
| | A) | adsorption, uncoating, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release |
| | B) | adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, release, and assembly |
| | C) | adsorption, penetration, synthesis, uncoating, assembly and release |
| | D) | adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, and release |
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| 14 | |
Some host cells can harbor a virus and not be immediately lysed by the virus. This results in a persistent infection and is known as a(n) |
| | A) | inclusion body. |
| | B) | carrier relationship. |
| | C) | cytopathic effect. |
| | D) | oncogenic effect. |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the primary purposes of viral cultivation? |
| | A) | to isolate and identify viruses in clinical specimens |
| | B) | to prepare viruses for vaccines |
| | C) | to do detailed research on viral structure, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on host cells |
| | D) | to classify viruses for taxonomic reasons |
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| 16 | |
The classification/identification system in the text uses this sequence of characteristics to group viruses: |
| | A) | host organism, capsid type, envelope presence/absence |
| | B) | nucleic acid type, envelope presence/absence, double vs. single-stranded nucleic acid |
| | C) | nucleic acid type and strandedness, envelope presence/absence, host organism |
| | D) | viral size, shape of capsid, host organism |
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| 17 | |
Living cells are required for culturing viruses because |
| | A) | viruses are technically nonliving. |
| | B) | viruses require host cell genetic machinery to replicate. |
| | C) | viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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| 18 | |
One way to detect the growth of a virus in culture is to observe the degeneration and lysis of infected cells in the monolayer of cells. These areas show up as clear, well-defined patches in the cell sheet called |
| | A) | colonies. |
| | B) | plaques. |
| | C) | turbidity. |
| | D) | cottony patches. |
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| 19 | |
Viruses can cause damage to infected cells, such as physical damage (e.g. lysis), nuclear inclusions, cytoplasmic inclusions, clumping, etc. These are termed |
| | A) | transcriptional effects. |
| | B) | lysogenic effects. |
| | C) | cytopathic effects. |
| | D) | viral syncytia. |
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| 20 | |
Identify the viral disease from the list below. |
| | A) | botulism |
| | B) | influenza |
| | C) | anthrax |
| | D) | ringworm |
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| 21 | |
The disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy is also known as |
| | A) | kuru. |
| | B) | scrapie. |
| | C) | Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease. |
| | D) | mad cow disease. |
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| 22 | |
Spongiform encephalopathies are thought to be caused by |
| | A) | RNA viruses |
| | B) | DNA viruses |
| | C) | prions |
| | D) | enveloped viruses |
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| 23 | |
A naked virus exits a cell by ________; an enveloped virus exits a cell by ________ |
| | A) | lysis, budding off |
| | B) | budding off, lysis |
| | C) | lytic cycle, lysogenic cycle |
| | D) | endocytosis, exocytosis |
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| 24 | |
The largest virus is bigger than the smallest bacterium. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
Viruses can be harmless or even beneficial. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
Each envelope is constructed from identical subunits called capsomeres. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
In penetration by endocytosis, the entire virus is engulfed by the cell and enclosed in a vacuole or vesicle. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
Animal viruses can cause acute infections or can persist in host tissues as lytic infections that can reactivate periodically throughout the host's life. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
The two major types of viruses are DNA and RNA viruses. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
Viruses that alter host genetic material may cause oncogenic effects. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
Viral infections are difficult to treat because the drugs that attack viral replication also cause serious side effects in the host. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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