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| 1 | |
_____________ refers only to processes that result in synthesis of cell molecules and structures, and require the input of energy. |
| | A) | Metabolism |
| | B) | Anabolism |
| | C) | Catabolism |
| | D) | None of the above are correct. |
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| 2 | |
Anabolic processes in a cell are required for |
| | A) | Krebs cycle initiation. |
| | B) | glycolysis. |
| | C) | cell division. |
| | D) | fermentation. |
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| 3 | |
Enzymes have active sites that bind with the |
| | A) | cofactor. |
| | B) | apoenzyme. |
| | C) | substrate. |
| | D) | holoenzyme. |
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| 4 | |
Most enzymes are composed of _______. |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | carbohydrate |
| | C) | lipid |
| | D) | DNA |
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| 5 | |
Enzymes are usually named for the type of reaction they catalyze, with the ending __________ to indicate that it is an enzyme. |
| | A) | -ose |
| | B) | -ase |
| | C) | -or |
| | D) | -yme |
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| 6 | |
Metabolic reactions that release energy are |
| | A) | exergonic. |
| | B) | endergonic. |
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| 7 | |
Typical electron carriers include all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | NADH. |
| | B) | FAPH. |
| | C) | FADH2. |
| | D) | NADP. |
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| 8 | |
The addition of high-energy phosphate directly to ADP to produce ATP is called |
| | A) | oxidative phosphorylation. |
| | B) | direct phosphorylation. |
| | C) | substrate-level phosphorylation. |
| | D) | ADP phosphorylation. |
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| 9 | |
Enzymes __________ used up or permanently changed by the reaction they catalyze. |
| | A) | are |
| | B) | are not |
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| 10 | |
Aerobic respiration utilizes _______ as the final electron acceptor to produce ATP. |
| | A) | nitrogen |
| | B) | sulfur |
| | C) | phosphate |
| | D) | oxygen |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following produces the most ATP in an aerobic organism? |
| | A) | The Electron Transport Chain |
| | B) | The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway |
| | C) | The Krebs cycle |
| | D) | Glycolysis |
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| 12 | |
Cofactors can be |
| | A) | holoenzymes. |
| | B) | metallic. |
| | C) | apoenzymes. |
| | D) | substrates. |
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| 13 | |
__________ are transported outside the cell, where they break down large food molecules or harmful chemicals, or can function as virulence factors. |
| | A) | Exoenzymes |
| | B) | Endoenzymes |
| | C) | Viroenzymes |
| | D) | Coenzymes |
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| 14 | |
The Krebs cycle rotates _______ times for every molecule of glucose that enters the pathway. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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| 15 | |
Enzyme regulation is an important aspect of metabolic control. Regulation by a product reacting with a regulatory site on the DNA is called |
| | A) | competitive inhibition. |
| | B) | noncompetitive inhibition. |
| | C) | enzyme induction. |
| | D) | enzyme repression. |
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| 16 | |
Anabolic reactions often synthesize polymers such as polysaccharides, polypeptides and polynucleotides. The enzymes involved form covalent bonds between smaller substrate molecules during |
| | A) | analysis reactions. |
| | B) | dehydration reactions. |
| | C) | decomposition reactions. |
| | D) | hydrolysis reactions. |
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| 17 | |
Identify the form of potential energy below: |
| | A) | thermal energy |
| | B) | radiant energy |
| | C) | mechanical energy |
| | D) | chemical energy |
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| 18 | |
ATP is a three-part molecule consisting of all the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | a nitrogen base (adenine). |
| | B) | a five-carbon sugar (ribose). |
| | C) | a phosphorous molecule. |
| | D) | three phosphate groups. |
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| 19 | |
Which pathway produces the most energy from a glucose molecule? |
| | A) | fermentation |
| | B) | glycolysis |
| | C) | aerobic respiration |
| | D) | anaerobic respiration |
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| 20 | |
Glycolysis produces ATP and a vital intermediary, __________, which can be used in respiration, fermentation, or anabolic reactions. |
| | A) | pyruvic acid |
| | B) | glyceraldehyde |
| | C) | glycolic acid |
| | D) | glucose |
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| 21 | |
The ability of a cell or system to integrate catabolic and anabolic pathways to improve efficiency is called |
| | A) | gluconeogenesis. |
| | B) | amphibolism. |
| | C) | amination. |
| | D) | glycolysis. |
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| 22 | |
Aerobic bacteria and mitochondria are able to produce additional energy from the breakdown of glucose by harvesting __________ and using them to bring protons across the membrane via __________, finally, ATP is produced as the protons flow back into the cell through ATP synthase. |
| | A) | electrons; the Electron Transport System |
| | B) | OH- ions; hydrolysis |
| | C) | pyruvate molecules; facilitated diffusion |
| | D) | water molecules; osmosis |
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| 23 | |
Similar to the system in bacterial membranes, mitochondria are able to produce energy via the electron transport system, located |
| | A) | within the cell cytoplasm. |
| | B) | on the outer membrane of the mitochondrion. |
| | C) | within the intermembrane space. |
| | D) | on the inner membrane. |
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| 24 | |
Photosynthesis consists of two phases. The Calvin Cycle, or light-independent reaction, |
| | A) | initiates gluconeogenesis. |
| | B) | fixes CO2 into glucose. |
| | C) | splits H2O, producing ATP & NADH. |
| | D) | results in photophosphorylation. |
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| 25 | |
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the compound that loses the electrons is said to be reduced. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
Denaturation is a process by which the weak bonds that collectively maintain the native shape of the apoenzyme are broken. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
Glycolysis is also known as the Krebs cycle. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
Fermentation is anaerobic respiration in which both the electron donor and final electron acceptors are organic compounds. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
Hydrolysis reactions involve addition of water to break bonds. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
A conjugated enzyme consists of a protein component called the cofactor and one or more activators called apoenzymes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
Energy is the capacity of a system to perform work. It is consumed in exergonic reactions and is released in endergonic reactions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 32 | |
Activation energy is the energy needed to initiate a measurable rate of conversion of reactants to products by bond formation or breakage. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 33 | |
Enzymes decrease the activation energy of a reaction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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