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| These questions are taken from the directed questions found in the margins of the chapter. After reading the chapter, you should be able to answer these questions: 1.1 Define psychology and indicate what types of behaviours it incorporates. 1.2 Differentiate between basic and applied research, and describe studies illustrating the relationship between them. 1.3 List and describe the central goals of psychology. 1.4 Discuss psychology's philosophical and scientific roots. 1.5 Describe the psychodynamic perspective, highlighting Freud's psychoanalytic theory. 1.6 Describe the behavioural perspective, highlighting the work of Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson, and Skinner. 1.7 Describe the humanistic perspective, highlighting the work of Maslow and Rogers. 1.8 Describe the cognitive perspective, including Gestalt psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and social constructivism. 1.9 Describe the sociocultural perspective and define culture, norms, and socialisation. 1.10 Explain the importance of cultural psychology in today's world. 1.11 Describe the biological perspective, highlighting research in behavioural neurosciences, behavioural genetics, and evolutionary psychology. 1.12 Contrast evolutionary and sociocultural perspectives in explaining behavioural phenomena. 1.13 Explain how the levels-of-analysis framework integrates the six perspectives of psychology. 1.14 Using the three levels of analysis outline possible causal factors in depression. 1.15 List and describe the major professional associations of psychologists. 1.16 Explain how psychology helps to shape public policy. 1.17 Describe research-based strategies to improve academic performance, including effective time management, improving study habits and preparing for taking tests. |