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| These questions are taken from the directed questions found in the margins of the chapter. After reading the chapter, you should be able to answer these questions: 11.1 Define and differentiate between motivation and emotion. 11.2 Describe the key motivational concepts introduced by the biological, cognitive, psychodynamic, and humanistic perspectives. 11.3 Describe the physiological factors that help regulate hunger, general appetite, and weight. 11.4 Describe how psychological, environmental, and cultural factors influence hunger and eating. 11.5 Describe biological and environmental factors in obesity and how their interactions contribute to obesity among the Pima. 11.6 Describe the symptoms, health consequences, and causes of anorexia and bulimia. 11.7 Describe how sexual behaviours and attitudes have changed in recent decades. 11.8 Describe the stages of the sexual response cycle and how hormones influence sex characteristics and sexual behaviour. 11.9 Describe how psychological, cultural, and environmental factors influence sexual behaviour. 11.10 Describe the findings on the effects of viewing violent pornography. 11.11 Describe the three dimensions of sexual orientation, and discuss research on the determinants of sexual orientation. 11.12 Discuss evolutionary and psychological views of affiliation, and explain why humans are social creatures. 11.13 Describe how the motives and task behaviours of high- versus low-need achievers differ. 11.14 Describe how the need for achievement develops. 11.15 Differentiate among the three main types of motivational conflict. 11.16 Describe the ways in which negative and positive emotions are adaptive. 11.17 Describe the four major components of emotions and how they influence one another. 11.18 Describe which brain structures LeDoux believes allow simultaneous but different emotional responses to the same event. 11.19 Describe how positive and negative emotions involve different patterns of brain activation. 11.20 Describe how the assessment of emotion works in lie detection, and describe factors that affect validity. 11.21 Describe how fundamental emotional patterns are related to both facial expressions and cultural display rules. 11.22 Describe the relations among emotional arousal, task complexity, and task performance. 11.23 Compare and contrast the James-Lange and the Cannon-Bard explanations for emotional responses. 11.24 Evaluate the scientific evidence in support of the James-Lange and the Cannon-Bard theories. 11.25 Describe how appraisal and arousal interact to influence emotions according to Lazarus's theory and Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion, and describe the two key experiments inspired by their theories. 11.26 Describe the factors that predict or fail to predict happiness. 11.27 Summarise research-based guidelines for increasing happiness. |