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| These questions are taken from the directed questions found in the margins of the chapter. After reading the chapter, you should be able to answer these questions: 17.1 Describe the demonological, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and sociocultural perspectives on abnormal behavior. 17.2 Describe the vulnerability-stress model of abnormal behavior and how it illustrates person–situation interactions. 17.3 Cite and define the Three Ds that enter into diagnoses of abnormal behavior. 17.4 Define reliability and validity as applied to diagnostic classification systems. 17.5 Describe the five axes of the DSM-IV-TR. 17.6 Describe the effects of psychiatric labeling on social and self perceptions. 17.7 Differentiate between competency and insanity as legal concepts, and explain how they have affected recent court cases. 17.8 Describe the four components of anxiety. 17.9 Describe the characteristics of anxiety disorders, including phobic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 17.10 Describe the four major features of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 17.11 Describe the biological factors involved in causing anxiety disorders. 17.12 Compare psychoanalytic and cognitive explanations of anxiety disorders. 17.13 Describe anxiety disorders in terms of classical conditioning, observational learning, and operant conditioning. 17.14 Describe three types of somatoform disorders and their causal factors. 17.15 Describe the three types of dissociative disorders and their causal factors. 17.16 Describe the trauma-dissociation theory of dissociative identity disorder (DID) and how critics challenge and explain DID. 17.17 Describe the four classes of symptoms that characterize depression and mania, and describe sex differences in symptom manifestation. 17.18 Cite evidence for genetic and biochemical factors in depression and mania. 17.19 Describe the cognitive triad, the depressive attributional pattern, and learned helplessness in relation to depression. 17.20 Describe how Lewinsohn's learning theory explains the downward spiral that occurs in depression. 17.21 Describe the sociocultural factors related to prevalence, manifestations, and sex differences in depression. 17.22 Describe the motives for suicide, identify the warning signs of suicide, and state four guidelines for helping a suicidal person. 17.23 Define schizophrenia, and describe the major cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and perceptual features of schizophrenia. 17.24 Describe the differences among the four major types of schizophrenic disorders. 17.25 Describe the evidence for genetic, neurological, and biochemical factors involved in causing schizophrenic disorders. 17.26 Contrast the way that psychoanalytic and cognitive theorists explain the symptoms of schizophrenia. 17.27 Describe the characteristics of antisocial personality disorder. 17.28 Compare the way that biological and behavioral theorists account for antisocial personality disorder. 17.29 Describe the Schachter–Latané study and how it supports the emotional-deficit theory of antisocial personality disorder. 17.30 Describe the major features of borderline personality disorder and the causes of the disorder. 17.31 Describe the major features and causal factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic disorders, as well as implications for adult functioning. |