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| These questions are taken from the directed questions found in the margins of the chapter. After reading the chapter, you should be able to answer these questions: 8.1 Define memory and the processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval. 8.2 Describe sensory memory and explain how Sperling demonstrated it. 8.3 Describe short-term and working memory. 8.4 Describe long-term memory and its limitations. 8.5 Differentiate between effortful and automatic processing. 8.6 Contrast maintenance and elaborative rehearsal. 8.7 Define schema, and explain how schemas enhance encoding. 8.8 Contrast theories of associative and neural networks, and use each to explain how memories are stored. 8.9 Differentiate between declarative memory and procedural memory. 8.10 Explain how retrieval cues assist recall. 8.11 Describe how flashbulb memories affect accuracy of memory. 8.12 Contrast and recognise examples of encoding specificity, context-dependent, state-dependent, and mood congruent recall. 8.13 Describe Ebbinghaus's research on forgetting. 8.14 Describe reasons for forgetting, including encoding failure, decay theory, and interference theory. 8.15 Describe motivated forgetting and explain why it is controversial. 8.16 Explain how schemas influence memory construction. 8.17 Describe the purpose, methods, and results of Roediger and McDermott's (1995) and Clancy, McNally, Schacter, Lenzeweger, and Pitman's (2002) studies on false memories. 8.18 Define the misinformation effect, and explain how it affects eyewitness testimony in children and adults. 8.19 Describe the research examining the recovered memory controversy. 8.20 Describe how culture affects memory. 8.21 Describe brain structures involved in memory and the process of long-term potentiation. 8.22 Describe research-based strategies for enhancing memory. |