Multiple Choice Quiz 1


1	Changes in the blood concentration of glucose, oxygen and hydrogen ions are detected by
	A)	baroreceptors.
	B)	chemoreceptors.
	C)	nociceptors.
	D)	proprioceptors.



2	Proprioceptors are involved in detecting
	A)	pain.
	B)	changes in blood pressure.
	C)	changes in tension in muscles and tendons.
	D)	changes in temperature in the skin.



3	Which of these somatic receptors is involved in detecting heavy pressure?
	A)	free nerve endings
	B)	Golgi tendon organs
	C)	Meissner's corpuscles
	D)	pacinian corpuscles


4	The two main kinds of stretch receptors or proprioceptors that transmit information to the spinal cord and brain about muscle tension and length are
	A)	Meissner's corpuscles and pacinian corpuscles.
	B)	Meissner's corpuscles and Golgi tendon organs.
	C)	muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs.
	D)	pacinian corpuscles and Golgi tendon organs.



5	Which of these receptors detects an increase in tension in a muscle?
	A)	Golgi tendon organ
	B)	Meissner's corpuscle
	C)	muscle spindle
	D)	nociceptor


6	Which of these receptors detects lengthening or stretching of a muscle?
	A)	Golgi tendon organ
	B)	Meissner's corpuscle
	C)	muscle spindle
	D)	nociceptor


7	Sensory receptors that are stimulated by the position of the body or its parts are called
	A)	exteroceptors.
	B)	interoreceptors.
	C)	nociceptors.
	D)	proprioceptors.



8	Which of these combinations of general senses depends on mechanoreceptors?
	A)	touch and temperature
	B)	pressure and temperature
	C)	pressure and proprioception
	D)	proprioception and temperature



9	Exteroceptors provide information about
	A)	body position, movement and the extent of stretch or force of muscular contraction.
	B)	the body's chemical composition, blood pH and blood pressure.
	C)	the body's internal environment.
	D)	the body's external environment.



10	Which of the following types of sensory nerve endings is involved in detecting changes in temperature?
	A)	free nerve endings
	B)	Merkel's disks
	C)	pacinian corpuscles
	D)	Ruffini's corpuscles



11	Which of these nerve endings detects deep pressure and consists of a single nerve process surrounded by a capsule layered like an onion?
	A)	Golgi tendon organ
	B)	Merkel's disk
	C)	pacinian corpuscle
	D)	Ruffini's end organ


12	All of the following nerve endings are found in the skin EXCEPT
	A)	pacinian corpuscles.
	B)	proprioceptors.
	C)	Ruffini's corpuscles.
	D)	tactile discs.



13	You sense a tick crawling up your arm. Which of these receptors is involved?
	A)	hair follicle receptors
	B)	Krause end bulbs
	C)	pacinian corpuscles
	D)	Ruffini's corpuscles


14	The neuron of the spinothalamic system that ascends within the spinal cord and carries sensory information from a dorsal horn to the thalamus is designated a
	A)	primary neuron
	B)	secondary neuron
	C)	tertiary neuron
	D)	quaternary neuron


15	The neuron of the spinothalamic system that sends impulses from the thalamus to the somatic sensory cortex is designated a
	A)	primary neuron
	B)	secondary neuron
	C)	tertiary neuron
	D)	quaternary neuron


16	In which of the following ascending pathways or tracts do the secondary neurons decussate within the spinal cord?
	A)	fasciculus cuneatus
	B)	posterior spinocerebellar tracts
	C)	fasciculus gracilis
	D)	spinothalamic tracts


17	Decussation of ascending spinal pathways occurs mainly within the
	A)	midbrain and medulla oblongata
	B)	pons and medulla oblongata
	C)	spinal cord and medulla oblongata
	D)	spinal cord only



18	The fasciculus gracilis on each side of the spinal cord is located in the
	A)	dorsal column.
	B)	lateral column.
	C)	posterior horn.
	D)	ventral column.


19	The fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus are both tracts of which pathway?
	A)	dorsal-column/medial-lemniscal system
	B)	spinocerebellar
	C)	spinalthalamic
	D)	spinoreticular


20	The posterior spinocerebellular tract in each half of the spinal cord is located in the
	A)	dorsal column
	B)	lateral column
	C)	posterior horn
	D)	ventral column


21	Ascending tracts of the spinal cord occur in the
	A)	columns.
	B)	gray commissure.
	C)	horns.
	D)	roots.


22	Which of the following spinal cord ascending tracts conveys sensory information about which we become consciously aware?
	A)	spinocerebellular
	B)	spinoolivary
	C)	spinoreticular
	D)	spinothalamic



23	The primary somatic sensory cortex is located in the
	A)	angular gyrus
	B)	cingulated gyrus
	C)	precentral gyrus
	D)	postcentral gyrus



24	An injury to the lateral portion of the postcentral gyrus in the right hemisphere would result in some loss of sensation in the
	A)	left lower limb.
	B)	right lower limb.
	C)	left facial area.
	D)	right facial area.



25	The medial lemniscus
	A)	is a tract of nerve fibers that conveys sensory signals to the thalamus.
	B)	receives information from the brain and spinal cord and relays it to the cerebellum.
	C)	provides an avenue of communication between the two cerebral hemispheres.
	D)	links the primary motor area to the primary sensory area.



26	Sensory information on its way from your hand to the cerebral cortex would pass through the following structures in what sequence? 1. medulla oblongata 2. midbrain 3. pons 4. spinal cord 5. thalamus
	A)	4-1-3-2-5
	B)	4-1-2-3-5
	C)	4-1-2-5-3
	D)	4-2-1-3-5



27	If the lateral spinothalamic tract is cut, which of the following sensations would be absent on the opposite side below the incision?
	A)	light touch and pressure
	B)	light touch and itch
	C)	pain and temperature
	D)	pressure and itch



28	Which of the following tracts conducts sensory impulses for pain and temperature from various levels of the spinal cord to the thalamus?
	A)	anterior spinothalamic tracts
	B)	fasiculus cuneatus
	C)	fasiculus gracilis
	D)	lateral spinothalamic tracts



29	Severing which part of the spinothalamic tract would result in pain impulses from the right side being blocked?
	A)	right anterior
	B)	left anterior
	C)	right lateral
	D)	left lateral



30	Each of the following are correctly paired EXCEPT
	A)	spinocerebellar tract - proprioception
	B)	spinoolivary tract - balance
	C)	spinotectal tract - visual reflexes
	D)	spinothalamic tract - two-point discrimination



31	You touch a hot object, the signal reaches the thalamus but the sensation of hot is not perceived. Which of the following is NOT transmitting the signal to an intact postcentral gyrus?
	A)	primary neuron
	B)	receptor
	C)	secondary neuron
	D)	tertiary neuron



32	You stick yourself with a pin but a signal is not transmitted to the thalamus. Which of the following is NOT involved in your failure to perceive the pain?
	A)	receptor
	B)	primary neuron
	C)	secondary neuron
	D)	tertiary neuron



33	Which of the following is NOT true about cutaneous information detected below the head that results in a sensation?
	A)	Transmission involves a three-neuron pathway.
	B)	The signals are routed to the cerebral cortex through the thalamus.
	C)	The signals travel up the spinal cord in specific ascending tracts.
	D)	The signals always decussate in the medulla oblongata to reach the cerebral hemisphere on the opposite side.



34	The sensory areas for vision are located in the
	A)	frontal lobes.
	B)	occipital lobes.
	C)	parietal lobes.
	D)	temporal lobes.


35	The sensations of temperature, touch, pressure and pain occur in the
	A)	precentral gyrus of each frontal lobe.
	B)	postcentral gyrus of each parietal lobe.
	C)	posterior portions of each occipital lobe.
	D)	superior posterior portions of the temporal lobes.


36	Somatic sensory signals are routed to which of the following areas?
	A)	angular gyrus
	B)	cingulated gyrus
	C)	precentral gyrus
	D)	postcentral gyrus


37	The occipital lobes contain which of the following primary sensory areas?
	A)	auditory
	B)	olfactory
	C)	taste
	D)	visual


38	Incoming visual information is compared with past visual experience in which of the following areas?
	A)	Broca's area
	B)	visual association area
	C)	visual cortex
	D)	Wernicke's area


39	In which of the following areas does word recognition occur?
	A)	auditory association area
	B)	Broca's area
	C)	primary auditory cortex
	D)	Wernicke's area



40	The neuron that ascends within the spinal cord and carries sensory information from a dorsal horn to the thalamus is designated a
	A)	primary neuron.
	B)	secondary neuron.
	C)	tertiary neuron.
	D)	quaternary neuron.



41	In which of the following ascending pathways or tracts do the secondary neurons decussate within the spinal cord?
	A)	cuneate fasciculi
	B)	dorsal spinocerebellar tracts
	C)	gracile fasciculi
	D)	spinothalamic tracts



42	Decussation of ascending spinal pathways occurs mainly within the
	A)	midbrain and medulla oblongata.
	B)	pons and medulla oblongata.
	C)	spinal cord and medulla oblongata.
	D)	spinal cord only.



43	The fasciculus gracilis on each side of the spinal cord is located in the
	A)	dorsal column.
	B)	lateral column.
	C)	posterior horn.
	D)	ventral column.



44	The posterior spinocerebellar tract in each half of the spinal cord is located in the
	A)	dorsal column.
	B)	lateral column.
	C)	posterior horn.
	D)	ventral column.



45	Which of the following spinal cord ascending pathways conveys sensory information about which we become consciously aware?
	A)	spinocerebellular
	B)	spinoolivary
	C)	spinoreticular
	D)	spinothalamic



46	Nerve fibers that cross over from one side of the body to the other within the spinal cord or medulla oblongata are said to
	A)	decussate.
	B)	diverge.
	C)	deliquesce.
	D)	translocate.



47	Which of the following tracts carry motor impulses to trunk and upper and lower limb muscles to maintain posture?
	A)	corticospinal tracts
	B)	reticulospinal tracts
	C)	spinocerebellular tracts
	D)	spinothalamic tracts



48	Which of the following descending tracts of the spinal cord is NOT an indirect pathway?
	A)	anterior reticulospinal tracts
	B)	lateral corticospinal tracts
	C)	medial reticulospinal tracts
	D)	rubrospinal tracts


49	Which of the following is NOT true about the lateral corticospinal tracts?
	A)	The motor nerve fibers in them originate primarily in the precentral gyrus of each frontal lobe.
	B)	The fibers decussate in the pyramids of the medulla oblongata.
	C)	The fibers descend in the spinal cord to motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles.
	D)	The fibers provide for subconscious control of skeletal muscles.



50	Which of the following is a spinal cord pathway or tract that is composed of motor fibers?
	A)	fasciculus cuneatus
	B)	fasciculus gracilis
	C)	spinothalamic tract
	D)	vestibulospinal tract



51	Descending tracts of the spinal cord occur in the
	A)	columns.
	B)	gray commissure.
	C)	horns.
	D)	roots.



52	Which of the following is NOT true about the indirect pathways of the voluntary motor system?
	A)	They constitute the extrapyramidal system.
	B)	The constitute one of the two groups of upper motor neurons.
	C)	They are largely involved in controlling movements in the head and neck.
	D)	Upper motor neurons synapse on intermediate neurons rather than directly with lower motor neurons.



53	A pen is placed in your left hand behind your back. Which of the following tracts would NOT be involved in your ability to state what is in your hand?
	A)	association
	B)	commissural
	C)	corticobulbar
	D)	corticospinal



54	The primary motor areas are located in the
	A)	precentral gyrus of each frontal lobe
	B)	postcentral gyrus of each parietal lobe
	C)	occipital lobes
	D)	temporal lobes


55	The neurons in the primary motor area that control toe movements in your left foot are located
	A)	deep in the longitudinal fissure on the medial side of the right precentral gyrus.
	B)	deep in the longitudinal fissure on the medial side of the left precentral gyrus.
	C)	in the inferolateral region of the right precentral gyrus.
	D)	in the inferolateral region of the left precentral gyrus.


56	The primary motor area is located in the __________ gyrus of each __________ lobe.
	A)	precentral; frontal
	B)	precentral, parietal
	C)	postcentral; frontal
	D)	postcentral; parietal


57	In addition to planning and initiating movements, the prefrontal areas of the frontal lobes also functions to
	A)	help interpret sensory information and aid in understanding speech.
	B)	analyze visual patterns and combine visual images with other sensory experiences.
	C)	perform higher intellectual processes such as concentrating, planning and complex problem solving.
	D)	recognize words and arrange them to express a thought.



58	The motivation and foresight to plan and initiate movements is located in which of the following areas?
	A)	prefrontal area
	B)	premotor area
	C)	primary motor area
	D)	Wernicke's area



59	In what sequence would the following areas of the CNS be involved in a planned movement involving the hands? 1. brachial plexus 2. primary motor area 3. premotor area 4. prefrontal area
	A)	4-3-2-1
	B)	4-2-3-1
	C)	3-4-2-1
	D)	2-3-4-1



60	Which of the following tracts carry motor impulses that control posture adjustment?
	A)	corticospinal tracts
	B)	reticulospinal tracts
	C)	spinocerebellular tracts
	D)	spinothalamic tracts



61	Which of the following is NOT true about the lateral corticospinal tracts?
	A)	The motor nerve fibers in them originate primarily in the precentral gyrus of each frontal lobe.
	B)	The fibers decussate in the pyramids of the medulla oblongata.
	C)	The fibers descend in the spinal cord to motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles.
	D)	The fibers provide for subconscious control of skeletal muscles.



62	Which of the following is a spinal cord pathway or tract that is composed of motor fibers?
	A)	cuneate fasciculus
	B)	gracile fasciculus
	C)	spinothalamic tract
	D)	vestibulospinal tract



63	Because of injuries received in an automobile accident, a young man remains hospitalized in a coma. It is likely the injuries affected his
	A)	amygdala.
	B)	hippocampus.
	C)	limbic system.
	D)	reticular formation.



64	The condition resulting from a lesion in the premotor area that causes impairment of a musician's ability to play the piano is called
	A)	aphasia.
	B)	apraxia.
	C)	athetosis.
	D)	amorphosynthesis.



65	The group of nuclei scattered throughout the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain that activates the cerebral cortex into a state of wakefulness is called the
	A)	island of Reil.
	B)	limbic system.
	C)	reticular formation.
	D)	Wernicke's area.



66	Damage to the reticular formation is most likely to result in which of the following?
	A)	amnesia
	B)	exaggerated expressions of anger, fear and aggression
	C)	irreversible coma
	D)	loss of vision



67	Which of the following cranial nerves does not have axons that pass through the brainstem or nuclei in the brainstem?
	A)	facial (VII) nerve
	B)	glossopharyngeal (IX)
	C)	olfactory (I) nerve
	D)	optic (II) nerve



68	What type of brain wave is recorded when a student is actively involved in formulating an answer to a question posed in class?
	A)	alpha
	B)	beta
	C)	delta
	D)	theta



69	Which low-frequency brain waves are normal in children and sleeping adults but suggest emotional stress or brain disorders in awake adults?
	A)	alpha
	B)	beta
	C)	delta
	D)	theta



70	Which type of brain wave occurs during deep sleep?
	A)	alpha
	B)	beta
	C)	delta
	D)	theta


71	What type(s) of brain waves predominate in an EEG recorded during stage 4 sleep?
	A)	alpha
	B)	alpha and theta
	C)	delta
	D)	delta and theta


72	Which of the following is NOT true about REM sleep?
	A)	eyes flicker under the eyelids
	B)	the EEG resembles that of a waking state
	C)	most dreams occur during REM sleep
	D)	occurs during stage 2 of sleep


73	Which of the following is an abbreviation for the name of a recording of the electrical activity of the brain?
	A)	CVA
	B)	ECG
	C)	EEG
	D)	EKG



74	A lesion in Broca's area results in defective speech, which is a type of
	A)	aphasia.
	B)	apraxia.
	C)	athetosis.
	D)	amorphosynthesis.



75	Broca's area
	A)	controls voluntary movements of the eyes and eyelids.
	B)	controls motor functions that maintain balance and posture.
	C)	coordinates complex muscular actions that make speech possible.
	D)	controls the muscular movements of the hands and fingers that make skills such as writing possible.



76	What area of the cerebral cortex is thought to be involved with explicit or declarative memory?
	A)	Broca's area
	B)	hippocampus
	C)	infundibulum
	D)	insula



77	How does sensory information reaching the left cerebral hemisphere get transferred to the right hemisphere to be used in decision making and speaking?
	A)	by way of the medulla oblongata
	B)	through the red nucleus
	C)	by way of nerve fibers in the corpus callosum
	D)	through the thalamus



78	In most people, Wernicke's area communicates with Broca's area through ____ fibers.
	A)	association
	B)	commissural
	C)	descending
	D)	projection



79	What is the complex of structures called that controls emotional experience and can modify the way a person acts?
	A)	Broca's area
	B)	limbic system
	C)	reticular formation
	D)	vasomotor center



80	Which of the following structures is involved in both explicit memory as well as the development of fear?
	A)	amygdaloid nucleus
	B)	Broca's area
	C)	hippocampus
	D)	Wernicke's area



81	In what sequence would the following areas of the brain be involved for you to see, recognize, and tell someone about the words in this sentence? 1. Broca's area 2. Wernicke's area 3. primary motor cortex 4. visual cortex
	A)	1-2-3-4
	B)	4-2-1-3
	C)	4-2-3-1
	D)	4-3-2-1



82	Which of the following is NOT involved in the formation and expression of feelings and emotions?
	A)	amygdala
	B)	cerebellum
	C)	hypothalamus
	D)	prefrontal cortex



83	In what sequence would the following areas be involved for you to repeat a word you hear? 1. Wernicke's area 2. Broca's area 3. primary auditory cortex 4. premotor area 5. primary motor cortex
	A)	3-2-1-4-5
	B)	3-2-1-5-4
	C)	3-1-2-4-5
	D)	1-3-2-4-5



84	Procedural memory is stored primarily in which of the following areas?
	A)	cerebellum and amygdala
	B)	cerebellum and hippocampus
	C)	cerebellum and premotor area
	D)	hippocampus and amygdala



85	Which of the following is an effect of aging on the nervous system?
	A)	an increased sense of two-point discrimination
	B)	identify objects by touch more easily
	C)	decreased awareness of tactile stimulation
	D)	reduction in the number of free nerve endings



86	Which of the following statements are true in regards to the general sleep pattern the elderly?
	A)	Less time is required to fall asleep and there are more periods of wakefulness during the night.
	B)	Less time is required to fall asleep and there are fewer periods of wakefulness during the night.
	C)	More time is required to fall asleep and there are more periods of wakefulness during the night.
	D)	More time is required to fall asleep and there are fewer periods of wakefulness during the night.

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