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Multiple Choice Quiz 1
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1
The function of the urinary system is to
A)maintain homeostasis
B)excrete waste products
C)secrete a hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells
D)maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and pH
E)all of the above
2
Which of the following is the smallest unit of the urinary system capable of forming urine?
A)glomerulus
B)nephron and collecting duct
C)peritubular capillaries
D)loop of Henle
3
The urinary system organ that removes waste products from the body and helps regulate blood pressure is the
A)liver.
B)heart.
C)kidney.
D)lungs.
4
Blood and the lymphatic vessels and nerves enter and exit the kidney through what structure?
A)hilus
B)renal sinus
C)renal calyces
D)adrenal glands
5
Of the layers of tissue that surround the kidney, which layer is continuous with the outer layer of the ureter?
A)adipose capsule
B)renal capsule
C)renal fascia
D)peritoneum

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6
The layer of fatty tissue that surrounds the kidney is called the
A)renal sinus
B)renal pelvis
C)adipose capsule
D)renal capsule

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7
The layer that holds the kidney in place within the abdominal cavity is called the
A)renal sinus
B)renal fascia
C)renal capsule
D)adipose capsule

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8
The inner region of the kidney that appears to contain striated triangles (i.e. the renal pyramids) is called the
A)renal cortex
B)renal sinus
C)renal medulla
D)renal pelvis

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9
Nephrons are found running through which two layers of the kidney?
A)renal sinus, medulla
B)cortex, medulla
C)hilus, pyramids
D)pyramids, renal sinus

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10
The apexes of the renal pyramids are called
A)renal columns
B)renal papillae
C)renal pyramid
D)renal pelvis

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11
In addition to the blood vessels, the nephron consists of two other principal parts, the ______ where the fluid is filtered and a______ into which the filtered fluid passes.
A)glomerulus; renal tubule
B)renal pelvis; proximal tubule
C)collecting duct; distal tubule
D)glomerulus; juxtamedullary nephron

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12
The _____ drains blood from the glomerular capillaries.
A)efferent arteriole
B)afferent arteriole
C)Bowman's capsule
D)peritubular capillary
13
Which of the following descend into the medulla?
A)Bowman's capsule
B)distal tubule
C)proximal tubule
D)loop of Henle

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14
Trace the flow of urine from nephrons to the renal pelvis.
A)glomerulus-glomerular capsule-proximal tubules-loop of Henle-distal tubules-collecting duct-renal pelvis
B)glomerular capsule -glomerulus-loop of Henle-distal tubules-proximal tubules-distal tubular-collecting duct-renal pelvis
C)loop of Henle-distal tubules-collecting duct-proximal tubules-glomerulus-glomerular capsule-renal pelvis
D)none of the above is correct
15
What are the cells called that wrap pedicels around the glomerular capillaries?
A)pinocytes
B)sertoli
C)podocytes
D)None of the above.

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16
Which of the following does NOT contain a smooth muscle layer?
A)kidney
B)urinary bladder
C)ureters
D)urethra
17
The kidney lies on the dorsal wall of the ______ cavity.
A)cranial
B)abdominal
C)thoracic
D)lateral

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18
The most superficial covering of the urinary bladder on the posterior and inferior surface is the
A)adventitia.
B)serosa.
C)sphincter.
D)muscularis.
19
What is the principal function of the ureter?
A)transport blood to the efferent arterioles
B)transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder
C)transport glucose and protein into the renal pelvis
D)none of the above
20
Mucus secreted by the ______prevents the cells lining the ureter from coming in contact with urine.
A)fibrous capsule
B)adventitia
C)muscularis
D)mucosa
21
Urine moves down the ureter by way of
A)hydrostatic pressure.
B)gravity.
C)peristaltic contractions.
D)All the above.
22
What structure receives urine flowing down the ureters?
A)ureter
B)urinary bladder
C)urethra
D)renal pelvis
23
The small tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body is the
A)renal pelvis
B)ureter
C)urethra
D)calyx
24
What is the terminal portion of the urinary system?
A)urethra
B)penis
C)vagina
D)ureter
25
The urinary bladder
A)is bean shaped
B)varies in size depending on how full it is
C)is pear shaped when full
D)Both B and C.
26
In the floor of the urinary bladder is a small triangular muscle called
A)serosa
B)mucosa
C)detrusor
D)trigone

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27
In the urinary bladder which of the following is composed of skeletal muscle and is a modification of the urogenital diaphragm muscle?
A)external urethra sphincter
B)internal urethra sphincter
C)serosa
D)adventitia
28
In the male what functions does the urethra serve?
A)discharge of semen only
B)discharge of sperm only
C)discharge of urine
D)discharge of semen and urine
29
Suppose a large stone is blocking a calyx. What effect might this have on NFP (net filtration pressure)?
A)It would increase NFP by increasing CHP (capsular hydrostatic pressure).
B)It would decrease NFP by increasing CHP.
C)It would increase NFP by increasing colloid osmotic pressure.
D)None of the above.
30
What is the condition called when a patient's output of urine is less than 50 ml?
A)dysuria
B)anuria
C)enuresis
D)azotemia
31
How much blood enters the renal arteries per minute?
A)180 L
B)1200 ml
C)500 ml
D)700 ml
32
Where does the first step in the production of urine occur?
A)Bowman's capsule
B)glomerulus
C)vasa recta
D)proximal convoluted tubule
33
In the kidneys, the largest volume of water reabsorption occurs in which of the following?
A)glomerular capillaries
B)collecting duct
C)proximal convoluted tubules
D)distal convoluted tubules
34
In the kidneys, the largest volume of glucose reabsorption occurs in which of the following?
A)glomerular capillaries
B)collecting duct
C)proximal tubules
D)distal tubules
35
Which of the following determines the rate of chloride reabsorption in the kidney?
A)rate of water reabsorption
B)rate of sodium reabsorption
C)rate of glucose reabsorption
D)rate of phosphate reabsorption
36
There are three basic renal processes for urine formation. Which of the following is NOT one of these processes?
A)urine excretion
B)tubular reabsorption
C)tubular secretion
D)glomerular filtration
37
In glomerular filtration, what is the normal value for net filtration pressure?
A)55 mmHg
B)30 mm Hg
C)15 mm Hg
D)10 mm Hg
38
Which of the following filtered substances is NOT present in normal urine?
A)sodium
B)glucose
C)urea
D)creatinine
39
Filtration of blood in the glomeruli is promoted by
A)blood colloid osmotic pressure
B)blood hydrostatic pressure
C)capsular hydrostatic pressure
D)Both A and B.
40
Small proteins and peptides that pass the glomerular filters are usually reabsorbed by
A)osmosis
B)simple diffusion
C)pinocytosis
D)phagocytosis
41
The concentration of solutes in tubular fluid is greatest in the
A)glomerular capsule
B)proximal tubule
C)distal tubule
D)loop of Henle
42
Which of the following would pass through the glomerular filters in the kidney most easily?
A)albumin
B)antibodies
C)glucose
D)angiotensinogen
43
Normally most filtered bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed in the
A)proximal tubule
B)loop of Henle
C)collecting duct
D)glomerulus
44
The reabsorption of glucose and amino acids is mediated by
A)facilitated diffusion
B)co-transport
C)antiport
D)Both A and B.
45
What solutes contribute to the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid in the renal medulla?
A)NaCl
B)urea
C)uric Acid
D)both A and B
46
Which of the following is derived from amino acids and can be found in urine?
A)HCl
B)Ca2+
C)phosphate
D)urea
47
Which of the following would be in the highest concentration in normal urine?
A)urobilinogen
B)creatinine
C)bilirubin
D)albumin
48
The kidney secretes a hormone that triggers a cascade that regulates blood Na+ and blood pressure. It is called
A)erythropoietin
B)vasopressin
C)renin
D)angiotensin
49
Which hormone most directly affects glomerular filtration?
A)renin
B)ADH
C)Angiotensin II
D)Atrial natriuretic peptide
50
The kidney has a built-in system to compensate for moderate changes in systemic arterial pressure for a short period of time. What is the name of this system?
A)renin
B)hormonal regulation
C)autoregulation
D)vaspressin
51
Urine that is hypotonic to blood plasma are produced when
A)levels of aldosterone are high
B)levels of antidiuretic hormone are high
C)levels of antidiuretic hormone are low
D)plasma concentration of sodium ions is high
52
The sweet odor of diabetic urine is due to the presence of
A)ketone bodies
B)glucose
C)sucrose
D)albumin
53
Angiotensinogen is produced by the
A)kidney
B)liver
C)lungs
D)adrenal cortex
54
Vasopressin (ADH) acts at the level of the basolateral membrane in the distal tubules and ____tubules.
A)collecting
B)proximal
C)arterioles
D)glomerulus
55
How do diuretics affect the urine?
A)increase the urine flow
B)decrease the urine flow
C)increase the cellular composition of the urine
D)none of the above
56
How can you tell if your patient has diabetes insipidus?
A)very dilute urine
B)extreme thirst
C)decrease in ADH
D)all the above
57
The most common cause of glucosuria is untreated diabetes mellitus, in which the
A)rate at which glucose enters the glomerular filtrate is higher than the rate at which the distal tublules and collecting duct can reabsorb it.
B)sodium plus glucose symports in the distal tubules are defective
C)sodium plus glucose symports in the proximal convoluted tubule are defective
D)transport maximum for glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule is exceeded
58
If the level of aldosterone in the blood increases, then
A)more potassium is excreted in the urine
B)more sodium is excreted in the urine
C)blood pressure will drop
D)glomerular filtration rate will drop
59
Principal cells in the distal tubules and collecting duct
A)secrete renin
B)respond to ADH and aldosterone
C)respond to ADH only
D)respond to aldosterone only
60
Urinalysis consists of which of the following?
A)chemical properties of urine
B)physical properties of urine
C)microscopic properties of urine
D)All the above
61
If a substance is filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted its renal clearance rate
A)equals the GFR.
B)is always greater than the GFR.
C)is less than the GFR.
D)does not affect the GFR.
62
Renal threshold equals
A)urine output
B)cardiac output
C)plasma concentration at which reabsorption is saturated and the molecule appears in urine
D)GFR
63
If a substance has exceeded its transport maximum (Tmax) in the kidney tubules, it is likely that
A)urine volume will increase
B)urine volume will decrease
C)the concentration of the substance in the blood would become unusually high
D)Both A and C
64
The reason insulin is used to determine glomerular filtration rate is because it is
A)both filtered and efficiently secreted by nephrons
B)both filtered and completely reabsorbed by nephrons
C)neither secreted nor reabsorbed
D)only secreted
65
Which of the following is not a characteristic of substances that are used to measure plasma clearance?
A)It must pass through the filtration membrane as easily as water.
B)It must not be reabsorbed.
C)It must be metabolized by the kidney.
D)It must not be secreted into the nephron.
66
Which of the following may occur in patients with severe diabetes mellitus?
A)Tubular maximum may exceed tubular load.
B)Tubular load may exceed tubular maximum.
C)They have dilute urine.
D)They have high glucose in the blood without glucose in the urine?
67
A bladder containing _____ml of urine could be close to bursting point in an average-sized human.
A)700
B)300
C)1000
D)500
68
What is the term for urine discharge?
A)azotemia
B)enuresis
C)micturition
D)polyuria
69
What are some common constituents of kidney stones (renal calculi)?
A)uric acid
B)calcium
C)magnesium
D)all the above
70
Enuresis is which of the following?
A)bed wetting
B)difficult in urine
C)excess urine
D)kidney stone
71
Which of the following would increase peristaltic contractions in the ureters?
A)sympathetic nervous system stimulation
B)central nervous system stimulation
C)parasympathetic stimulation
D)none of the above
72
At about what volume of urine does the bladder create strong action potentials to be sent to the spinal cord for micturition?
A)100ml of urine
B)500ml of urine
C)200ml of urine
D)300ml of urine
73
Which of the following areas of the brain are involved with conscious urination?
A)cerebrum
B)pons
C)medulla
D)both A and B
74
Uremia is defined as which of the following?
A)a kidney stone
B)accumulation of nitrogenous waste due to tubule malfunction
C)blood in the urine
D)a high diastolic and low systolic pressure reading
75
Which of the following is the special branch of medicine that deals with the structure, function, and disease of the kidney?
A)urology
B)renalology
C)nephrology
D)glomerulus specialist
76
Pyelonephritis relates to which of the following?
A)an inflammation of the ureter
B)an inflammation of the renal pelvis
C)an inflammation of the urethra
D)an inflammation of the urinary bladder
77
If a surgeon removed one kidney, which of the following would be the outcome?
A)the other kidney would enlarge
B)the other kidney would do the job of both
C)both A and B
D)None of the above.
78
Urethritis is which of the following?
A)inflammation of the urethra
B)painful urination
C)increase urination
D)blood in the urine
79
Cystitis relates to which of the following?
A)protein buildup in the urine
B)inflammation of the ureter
C)inflammation of the urinary bladder
D)inflammation of the urethra





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