Multiple Choice Quiz 1


1	The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the
	A)	ribosome
	B)	cell
	C)	organ
	D)	organelle



2	When a cell is observed with a compound light microscope, which of the following structures will be seen?
	A)	carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
	B)	cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
	C)	DNA and RNA
	D)	all cytoplasmic organelles



3	To study the smallest organelles and cellular components of cells _______________ is/are used.
	A)	x-rays
	B)	flashlights
	C)	the transmission electron microscope (TEM)
	D)	the compound light microscope



4	The fluid mosaic model is a theory for the structure of
	A)	microtubules
	B)	microfilaments
	C)	the DNA molecule
	D)	the plasma membrane



5	Communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bind to _______ on another cell.
	A)	channel proteins
	B)	marker molecules
	C)	receptor molecules
	D)	second messengers



6	Which one among the following describes the function of the cell membrane or plasma membrane?
	A)	Cell membrane separates the cell from its external environment.
	B)	Plasma membrane gives the cell a definite size and shape.
	C)	Plasma membrane controls the movement of molecules from one side of the cell to the other.
	D)	All of the above are the functions of cell membrane.



7	Basic skeleton of the plasma membrane is formed by
	A)	strong muscles
	B)	bilayered phospholipid structure
	C)	water insoluble tails that face the exterior of the membrane
	D)	cholesterol and glucose


8	Proteins of the plasma membrane serve all of the following functions except
	A)	pumping water out of the cell
	B)	breaking down hormones
	C)	serving as carriers for large molecule transportation
	D)	binding to neurotransmitters



9	Which of the following best approximates the diameter of a typical human cell?
	A)	1-2 mm
	B)	20 µ m
	C)	2-3 µ m
	D)	50 nm



10	In some tissues, cells are tightly packed and their cell membranes are connected by the structure known as the
	A)	intercellular junction
	B)	synapse
	C)	plasma membrane
	D)	glycoprotein



11	The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that
	A)	cholesterols are always bad in nature
	B)	some proteins are free to move laterally through the membrane
	C)	phospholipids form a single lipid layer in the center of the membrane
	D)	the membrane has rigidity and flexibility



12	Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are
	A)	extensions of the lysosomal membrane
	B)	modified structure to function as sensory receptors
	C)	proteins that help in the interaction between cells
	D)	external projections supported by microtubules



13	The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means that
	A)	only gasses and water can pass through it
	B)	small molecules can enter the cells
	C)	only certain substances can pass into or out of the cell
	D)	substances need carrier molecules to pass through it



14	Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched with its function?
	A)	channel proteins - are part for new protein synthesization
	B)	marker molecules - are primarily steroids
	C)	receptor molecules - attach to ligand molecules
	D)	peripheral proteins - penetrate the lipid bilayer from one surface to the other



15	The second most abundant of the lipids in the plasma membrane is
	A)	glycolipids
	B)	saturated fats
	C)	cholesterol
	D)	phospholipids



16	When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. These channels would be called
	A)	open-gated channels
	B)	chemical-gated channels
	C)	voltage-gated channels
	D)	ligand-gated channels



17	Osmosis is the diffusion of _______ across a selectively permeable membrane.
	A)	urea
	B)	oxygen
	C)	water
	D)	sodium


18	Which of the following statements concerning transport across the plasma membrane is true?
	A)	Polar molecules are transported more easily than nonpolar molecules.
	B)	Lipid-soluble substances pass through the membrane by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.
	C)	Water cannot move through the plasma membrane.
	D)	Generally, cations pass through the membrane more easily than anions.



19	When molecules move from the area of lower concentration to the area of higher concentration and energy is used, it is called
	A)	filtration
	B)	osmosis
	C)	active transport
	D)	passive transport


20	The aroma of a cake baking in the kitchen reaches the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of
	A)	simple diffusion
	B)	dialysis
	C)	osmosis
	D)	active transport


21	Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion? An increase in the
	A)	viscosity of the solvent
	B)	the distance the molecules have to travel
	C)	molecular weight of the diffusing particles
	D)	temperature


22	What change/s occur when red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution?
	A)	red blood cells gain water
	B)	red blood cells lose water and shrink
	C)	red blood cells neither gain nor lose water
	D)	concentration of sodium increases within the cells


23	The movement of a solution across a plasma membrane because of a pressure gradient is called
	A)	diffusion
	B)	filtration
	C)	facilitated diffusion
	D)	active transport



24	The movement of oxygen from a higher concentration in the lungs to a lower concentration in the blood stream is an example of
	A)	diffusion
	B)	osmosis
	C)	active transport
	D)	bulk transport



25	The greater the concentration of a solute in a solution, the greater the
	A)	tendency for water to diffuse from the solution
	B)	osmotic pressure of the solution
	C)	number of carrier molecules present
	D)	rate of the active transport



26	0.9% NaCl solution (saline) is isotonic to a cell, while seawater is
	A)	hypertonic to the cell
	B)	isotonic to the cell
	C)	hypotonic to the cell
	D)	All of the above.



27	The sodium-potassium pump located in the plasma membrane
	A)	actively moves potassium into cells
	B)	osmotically moves sodium into cells
	C)	actively transports water out of cells
	D)	moves chlorine out of cells



28	Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected?
	A)	simple diffusion
	B)	osmosis
	C)	active transport
	D)	facilitated diffusion



29	The process of pinocytosis,
	A)	is a form of exocytosis
	B)	involves ingestion of liquids rather than particles
	C)	does not require ATP
	D)	forms vesicles only when large amounts of material are being transported



30	What characteristic is shared by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
	A)	Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances.
	B)	Both involve the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
	C)	Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane.
	D)	Both involve the movement of a substance from regions of a higher concentration to lower concentration without cellular energy.



31	In simple diffusion, the rate at which a solute passes through a membrane depends on all of the following EXCEPT the
	A)	surface area of the membrane
	B)	number of carriers in the membrane
	C)	temperature of the solution
	D)	concentration difference from one side of the membrane to the other



32	If a carrier protein were to move both hydrogen and chloride ions from the inside of a cell to the extracellular fluid, and consume ATP in the process, it would be considered a(n)
	A)	symport system
	B)	voltage-gated ion channel
	C)	facilitated diffusion system
	D)	antiport system



33	All of the following processes can move substances out of a cell EXCEPT
	A)	exocytosis
	B)	simple diffusion
	C)	active transport
	D)	phagocytosis



34	Many gland cells release their secretions by means of _______, a process somewhat like reverse endocytosis.
	A)	exocytosis
	B)	phagocytosis
	C)	receptor-mediated endocytosis
	D)	fluid-phase pinocytosis



35	White blood cells engulf foreign particles by means of
	A)	macrocytosis
	B)	pinocytosis
	C)	exocytosis
	D)	phagocytosis



36	Organelles are distinguished from inclusions in that organelles are _______, whereas inclusions are _______.
	A)	functional structures; storage sites for chemical substances
	B)	small organs; vital sites where important functions occur
	C)	nonfunctional structures; functional structures
	D)	masses of chemicals non essential to life; masses of chemicals vital to life



37	Which of the following cellular components is nonliving?
	A)	mitochondria
	B)	nucleus
	C)	cytoplasm
	D)	none of these are alive



38	Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle?
	A)	a mitochondrion
	B)	the rough endoplasmic reticulum
	C)	a centriole
	D)	a lysosome



39	Cells dispose of worn-out organelles by a process called
	A)	autophagy
	B)	exocytosis
	C)	cytolysis
	D)	apoptosis



40	_______ is enclosed in double membranes with cristae extending inward from the inner membrane.
	A)	The nuclear envelope
	B)	A mitochondrion
	C)	The lysosome
	D)	The smooth endoplasmic reticulum


41	Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached to it is called
	A)	smooth ER
	B)	dendritic ER
	C)	nodular ER
	D)	rough ER



42	Which function is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
	A)	ATP synthesis
	B)	protein synthesis
	C)	DNA synthesis
	D)	active transport



43	What organelle is most active in causing programmed cell death?
	A)	the lysosomes
	B)	the rough endoplasmic reticulum
	C)	the centriole
	D)	the nucleus



44	Muscle cells contain numerous _______ because of their high demand for ATP.
	A)	ribosomes
	B)	lysosomes
	C)	mitochondria
	D)	microtubules



45	What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed?
	A)	exocytosis
	B)	active transport
	C)	ciliary beating
	D)	protein synthesis



46	When a white blood cell engulfs a foreign particle with its pseudopods, it traps the particle in a bubble called a _______ in its cytoplasm.
	A)	pinocytotic vesicle
	B)	vacuole
	C)	clathrin-coated vesicle
	D)	secretory vesicle



47	Which one among the following statements about organelles is true?
	A)	They are extracellular structures.
	B)	They are part of the cell membrane.
	C)	Depending on the particular cell function, organelles vary in number and type.
	D)	They generally lack membranes.



48	Which of the following organelles have their structure and function accurately described?
	A)	Vesicles - membranous sacs; contain various substances that recently entered or formed in the cell
	B)	Microfilaments - tiny rods of protein (actin); cause cellular movement
	C)	Microtubules - long, slender tubes of globular protein (tubulin); form internal skeleton of cell
	D)	all of the above are properly matched



49	The function of the Golgi apparatus is
	A)	packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids
	B)	production of microtubules
	C)	excretion of excess salt
	D)	DNA replication



50	If you compare a cell with a manufacturing plant that exports goods, the cell's _______ could be compared to the manufacturing plant's shipping department.
	A)	nucleus
	B)	lysosome
	C)	golgi apparatus
	D)	endoplasmic reticulum



51	The organelle that protects cells from the damaging effects of medications and toxins is the
	A)	ribosome
	B)	microtubule
	C)	secretory vesicle
	D)	smooth endoplasmic reticulum



52	A cell uses centrioles in the process of
	A)	cell division
	B)	energy generation
	C)	protein synthesis
	D)	RNA replication



53	A cell with abundant peroxisomes would most likely be involved in
	A)	secretion
	B)	storage of glycogen
	C)	detoxification activities
	D)	cellular communication



54	Organelles in the cytoplasm are embedded in a semitransparent matrix called
	A)	cisternae
	B)	intracellular support
	C)	cytosol
	D)	cytoplasm



55	Tay-Sachs disease involves a cellular defect in
	A)	membrane structure
	B)	lysosomal enzymes
	C)	ciliary activity
	D)	mitotic spindles



56	_______ are the only type of cells where flagella are found.
	A)	Sperm
	B)	Hair
	C)	Cilia
	D)	Neuron



57	Cells of the small intestine and kidney tubule have a "brush border" composed of _______, which are cell extensions that increase surface area.
	A)	cilia
	B)	hairs
	C)	rugae
	D)	microvilli


58	Cilia and flagella are distinguished from each other on the basis of
	A)	width and numbers
	B)	length and numbers
	C)	depth and numbers
	D)	length and width



59	The building blocks of DNA and RNA found in the nucleus of the cell are known as the
	A)	monosaccharides
	B)	nucleotides
	C)	amino acids
	D)	triglycerides



60	The "control center" of the cell is the
	A)	nucleus
	B)	ribosome
	C)	mitochondrion
	D)	plasma membrane



61	The structure of the nucleus can be described as
	A)	enclosed in a cell membrane
	B)	enclosed in a nuclear envelope
	C)	composed of cytoplasm
	D)	composed of cytoplasmic organelles



62	In the nucleus, DNA is wrapped within proteins. This structure is known as
	A)	chromatin
	B)	cytoplasmic organelles
	C)	DNA molecules
	D)	nucleoli



63	One function of a nucleus in the cell is to
	A)	digest lipids
	B)	produce ATP
	C)	produce secretory vesicles
	D)	control and coordinate cellular activities



64	Elements present in DNA and RNA are
	A)	C, H, O
	B)	C, H, O, N, S
	C)	C, H, O, N, P
	D)	O, H, N, P, S



65	DNA is condensed to form a structure called a _________ in the nucleus.
	A)	RNA
	B)	cytosol
	C)	gene
	D)	chromosome



66	Nucleoli
	A)	are located in the cytoplasm
	B)	produce ribosomal subunits
	C)	have a distinct membrane
	D)	are important for the formation of the Golgi apparatus



67	Which of the following correctly matches a nuclear structure with its function?
	A)	chromosomes - contains RNA and histones
	B)	nuclear envelope - contains the nucleolar organizer
	C)	nuclear pores - allow molecules to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm
	D)	chromatin - fluid portion of the nucleus



68	Arrange the following in correct sequence: Polypeptide chains move through rough ER and then carried in vesicles to Golgi Apparatus. Vesicles are pinched off from Golgi Apparatus carrying newly formed proteins to plasma membrane. Golgi Apparatus separates and modifies varieties of proteins and then packages them into vesicles. Initiated by RNA, polypeptide chains are made by ribosomes on rough ER.
	A)	1, 2, 3, 4
	B)	4, 1, 3, 2
	C)	2, 3, 1, 4
	D)	3, 2, 4, 1



69	The transfer of information from DNA to messenger RNA (m-RNA) is known as
	A)	transduction
	B)	translocation
	C)	translation
	D)	transcription



70	If an m-RNA molecule is 2400 nucleotides (bases) in length, this molecule will contain _______ codons.
	A)	800
	B)	600
	C)	1200
	D)	2400



71	Which of the following molecules contains the anticodon?
	A)	m-RNA
	B)	r-RNA
	C)	t-RNA
	D)	DNA



72	The process of DNA replication is
	A)	semiconservative in nature
	B)	known as translation
	C)	semipermeable in nature
	D)	sequencing of codons in RNA



73	DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules. Each of these new molecules has
	A)	two newly synthesized strands of nucleotides
	B)	one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides
	C)	two strands of nucleotides from the parent
	D)	two strands of nucleotides from the parent RNA


74	Chemotherapy usually makes use of drugs that affect the ___________ of cancer cells.
	A)	nuclear membranes
	B)	cytoplasmic membranes
	C)	DNA molecules
	D)	lysosomes



75	The sequence of nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule is needed to determine the sequence of
	A)	nucleotides in a gene
	B)	amino acids in a protein
	C)	nucleotides in the anticodons of t-RNA
	D)	codons in DNA



76	Which one among the following bases is present in RNA but NOT in DNA?
	A)	adenine
	B)	guanine
	C)	cytosine
	D)	uracil



77	Cells undergo a series of changes during their life-span which is known as
	A)	cell division
	B)	DNA information
	C)	cell cycle
	D)	growth phase


78	When a cell grows
	A)	the relationship between its surface area and volume remains unchanged
	B)	the surface area increases to a lesser degree than its volume
	C)	its volume increases to a lesser degree than its surface area
	D)	its need for nutrients increases to a lesser degree than its need for oxygen



79	What happens by the process of mitosis?
	A)	daughter cells with reduced chromosomes are formed
	B)	cytoplasm with identical RNA molecules are produced
	C)	new daughter cells with same number of chromosomes and all other cellular components are produced
	D)	none of the above is true



80	DNA synthesis occurs during
	A)	the G phase of interphase
	B)	telophase of mitosis
	C)	the S phase of interphase
	D)	anaphase


81	Human somatic cells contain _______ chromosomes, while gametic cells contain _______ chromosomes.
	A)	46; 23
	B)	23; 23
	C)	46; 46
	D)	23; 46



82	The major phenomenon and changes during cell division starts within the
	A)	cytoplasm
	B)	nucleus
	C)	cell membrane
	D)	outside the cell



83	The process by which cytoplasm divides during cell division is known as
	A)	cytokinesis
	B)	karyokinesis
	C)	synthesization
	D)	phagocytosis



84	Meiosis is the process of cell division that occurs in the
	A)	skin cells
	B)	gametes (egg and sperm)
	C)	body cells
	D)	malignant cells



85	By the process of meiosis, a _________ number of chromosomes are produced in the gametes.
	A)	haploid
	B)	diploid
	C)	tetraploid
	D)	infinite



86	Crossing over
	A)	occurs during mitosis
	B)	increases the amount of genetic diversity
	C)	results in the formation of chromatids with the same DNA sequences
	D)	form tetrads



87	How many divisional stages occur during meiosis?
	A)	5
	B)	4
	C)	2
	D)	1


88	The process that divides the nucleus during cell division is known as
	A)	cytokinesis
	B)	phagocytosis
	C)	synthesization
	D)	karyokinesis



89	Which is the longest and most complex phase during meiosis?
	A)	prophase I
	B)	metaphase II
	C)	cytokinesis
	D)	telophase I


90	Which of the following is characteristic of aging cells?
	A)	golgi apparatus becomes fragmented
	B)	lipid inclusions accumulate
	C)	glycogen-containing structures decrease
	D)	all of the above phenomenon occur

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