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| 1 | |
The largest percentage of molecules that make up the cell membrane are |
| | A) | carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins. |
| | B) | carbohydrates, water, and nucleic acids. |
| | C) | phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins. |
| | D) | nucleic acids, amino acids, and fatty acids. |
| | E) | water, carbohydrates and cholesterol. |
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| 2 | |
In the fluid mosaic model, the double layer (bilayer) of molecules found in the cell membrane is made up of |
| | A) | cholesterol. |
| | B) | phospholipids. |
| | C) | carbohydrates. |
| | D) | nucleic acids. |
| | E) | proteins. |
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| 3 | |
Although the basic structure of the plasma membrane is determined mainly by its __________ , the functions of the plasma membrane are determined mainly by its __________ . |
| | A) | carbohydrates, lipids |
| | B) | carbohydrates, proteins |
| | C) | lipids, proteins |
| | D) | nucleic acids, lipids |
| | E) | proteins, lipids |
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| 4 | |
Which molecules in the cell membrane are mostly glycoproteins? |
| | A) | carrier molecules |
| | B) | channel proteins |
| | C) | marker molecules |
| | D) | receptor molecules |
| | E) | enzymes |
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| 5 | |
Which of these conditions decreases the rate of diffusion? |
| | A) | increased concentration gradient |
| | B) | increased viscosity |
| | C) | increased temperature |
| | D) | decreased size of solute particles |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 6 | |
Which of these substances diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane? |
| | A) | glucose and amino acids |
| | B) | Na+ and Cl- |
| | C) | O2 and CO2 |
| | D) | whole cells |
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| 7 | |
A 10% salt solution is __________ to distilled water. |
| | A) | isosmotic |
| | B) | hyperosmotic |
| | C) | hyposmotic |
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| 8 | |
You place blood cells in an unknown solution and observe them with a microscope; you notice that most of the cells have crenated. Therefore, you conclude that the unknown solution is __________ to the cells. |
| | A) | isosmotic |
| | B) | hyperosmotic |
| | C) | isotonic |
| | D) | hypertonic |
| | E) | hypotonic |
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| 9 | |
Solution A has a greater osmotic pressure that solution B. Therefore, solution A contains __________ solutes and __________ water than solution B. |
| | A) | fewer, less |
| | B) | fewer, more |
| | C) | more, less |
| | D) | more, more |
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| 10 | |
In question 9 above, if the containers for solution A and solution B are connected, with a selectively permeable membrane between them, water moves |
| | A) | from solution A to solution B. |
| | B) | from solution B to solution A. |
| | C) | equally in both directions. |
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| 11 | |
__________ depends upon a pressure difference on either side of a partition. |
| | A) | Active transport |
| | B) | Endocytosis |
| | C) | Facilitated diffusion |
| | D) | Filtration |
| | E) | Secondary active transport |
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| 12 | |
Which of these transport processes does NOT require ATP? |
| | A) | active transport |
| | B) | endocytosis |
| | C) | exocytosis |
| | D) | diffusion |
| | E) | secondary active transport |
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| 13 | |
Given these observations concerning a transport process into a cell:
1. ATP is required
2. does not exhibit saturation
3. solid particles are transported
The transport process involved is |
| | A) | active transport. |
| | B) | facilitated diffusion. |
| | C) | secondary active transport. |
| | D) | phagocytosis. |
| | E) | pinocytosis. |
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| 14 | |
Given these characteristics of a transport process:
1. moves with the concentration gradient
2. does not require energy
3. requires carrier molecules
Which of these processes is described? |
| | A) | diffusion |
| | B) | facilitated diffusion |
| | C) | active transport |
| | D) | exocytosis |
| | E) | phagocytosis |
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| 15 | |
Formation of a secretory vesicle, fusion of the secretory vesicle to the cell membrane, and release of the contents of the secretory vesicles outside the cell describes |
| | A) | diffusion. |
| | B) | facilitated diffusion. |
| | C) | active transport. |
| | D) | phagocytosis. |
| | E) | exocytosis. |
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| 16 | |
Which of these processes involves a sodium-potassium exchange pump and two carrier molecules? |
| | A) | active transport |
| | B) | cotransport |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | endocytosis |
| | E) | facilitated diffusion |
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| 17 | |
Microtubules are |
| | A) | composed of actin filaments. |
| | B) | essential components of cilia, flagella, centrioles, and spindle fibers. |
| | C) | responsible for changes in cell shape. |
| | D) | smaller in diameter than other cytoskeleton components. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 18 | |
Which of these organelles function as intracellular digestive systems and contain enzymes? |
| | A) | lysosomes |
| | B) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | nucleus |
| | E) | secretory vesicles |
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| 19 | |
The production and export of milk from mammary gland cells involves which of these cell organelles? |
| | A) | Golgi apparatus |
| | B) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| | D) | vesicles |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 20 | |
During embryonic development, some structures are formed and then degenerate; the cell organelles responsible for the breakdown of these structures are the |
| | A) | Golgi apparatuses. |
| | B) | lysosomes. |
| | C) | mitochondria. |
| | D) | rough endoplasmic reticulum. |
| | E) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum. |
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| 21 | |
As a result of exercise, there is an increase in the number of __________ in muscle cells. |
| | A) | nuclei |
| | B) | mitochondria |
| | C) | lysosomes |
| | D) | Golgi apparatus |
| | E) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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| 22 | |
Which of these organelles is surrounded by a double membrane layer that contains many pores? |
| | A) | nucleus |
| | B) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | lysosomes |
| | E) | both a and d |
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| 23 | |
In which of these organelles is chromatin found? |
| | A) | lysosomes |
| | B) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | secretory vesicles |
| | E) | nucleus |
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| 24 | |
Subunits of ribosomes are manufactured in the |
| | A) | cytoskeleton. |
| | B) | endoplasmic reticulum. |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus. |
| | D) | lysosomes. |
| | E) | nucleolus. |
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| 25 | |
Which of these organelles contains DNA? |
| | A) | Golgi apparatus |
| | B) | lysosomes |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | E) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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| 26 | |
Aerobic respiration produces __________ ATP molecules, __________ require oxygen to be available, and produces __________ as end product(s). |
| | A) | 2, does not, CO2 and water |
| | B) | 2, does, lactic acid |
| | C) | 36-38, does not, lactic acid |
| | D) | 36-38, does, CO2 and water |
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| 27 | |
Chemical reactions that convert glucose to pyruvic acid in the cell are called |
| | A) | aerobic respiration. |
| | B) | anaerobic respiration. |
| | C) | the citric acid cycle. |
| | D) | the electron transport system. |
| | E) | glycolysis. |
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| 28 | |
A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that provides a chemical set of instructions for making a functional protein is called a |
| | A) | codon. |
| | B) | anticodon. |
| | C) | peptide bond. |
| | D) | mRNA. |
| | E) | gene. |
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| 29 | |
Transcription takes place in the __________ of the cell. |
| | A) | cytosol |
| | B) | Golgi apparatus |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | nucleus |
| | E) | ribosomes |
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| 30 | |
mRNA is copied from |
| | A) | DNA. |
| | B) | tRNA. |
| | C) | ribosomes. |
| | D) | polypeptide chains. |
| | E) | rRNA. |
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| 31 | |
In the DNA molecule, adenine always pairs with |
| | A) | cytosine. |
| | B) | guanine. |
| | C) | uracil. |
| | D) | thymine. |
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| 32 | |
The __________ on a tRNA molecule pairs with three nucleotides on a mRNA molecule. |
| | A) | anticodon |
| | B) | codon |
| | C) | exon |
| | D) | intron |
| | E) | gene |
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| 33 | |
Regions of DNA that do not code for portions of a protein are called |
| | A) | anticodons. |
| | B) | codons. |
| | C) | exons. |
| | D) | introns. |
| | E) | genes. |
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| 34 | |
During the process of translation, __________ tRNA molecule(s) occupy(ies) the tRNA binding site(s) on a ribosome. |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | six |
| | E) | hundreds of |
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| 35 | |
Part of a proprotein is cleaved off to make a functional protein. This describes |
| | A) | posttranscriptional processing. |
| | B) | posttranslational processing. |
| | C) | transcription. |
| | D) | translation. |
| | E) | mitosis. |
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| 36 | |
Replication of DNA takes place during the |
| | A) | G0 phase. |
| | B) | G1 phase. |
| | C) | G2 phase. |
| | D) | S phase. |
| | E) | M phase (mitosis). |
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| 37 | |
During the process of DNA replication, |
| | A) | one new DNA strand is formed. |
| | B) | the production of new nucleotide strands is catalyzed by DNA ligase. |
| | C) | short segments are spliced together by DNA polymerase. |
| | D) | each new DNA molecule has one strand of nucleotides from the original DNA and one newly synthesized strand. |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 38 | |
By the process of mitosis in a human cell, __________ daughter cells are produced, each of which has __________ chromosomes. |
| | A) | 2, 46 |
| | B) | 2, 23 |
| | C) | 4, 46 |
| | D) | 4, 23 |
| | E) | 8, 23 |
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| 39 | |
Which of these processes is associated with meiosis, but not mitosis? |
| | A) | DNA replication prior to division |
| | B) | cytokinesis |
| | C) | crossing over |
| | D) | prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase sequence |
| | E) | all of these |
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| 40 | |
The process of meiosis |
| | A) | includes meiosis I, II, and III. |
| | B) | results in the production of sperm cells or oocytes. |
| | C) | produces 4 diploid cells. |
| | D) | produces gametes that are identical to the parent cell. |
| | E) | produces new cells for growth or tissue repair. |
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