| biopsychosocial interactions | Biological, psychological, and social/environmental forces that combine to impact human development across the lifespan.
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| code of ethics | A guiding set of principles for members of a particular group.
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| continuity | The lasting quality of experiences; development proceeds steadily and sequentially.
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| cross-sectional studies | Studies that compare groups of individuals of various ages at the same time.
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| culture | The customs, values, and traditions inherent in one’s environment.
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| descriptive studies | Studies that gather information on subjects without manipulating them in any way.
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| development | The process of changing and the changes that occur through the lifespan.
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| discontinuity | Behaviors that are apparently unrelated to earlier aspects of development.
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| epigenetic view | View of lifespan development that stresses the ongoing interaction between heredity and the environment.
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| hypothesis | A prediction that can be tested through research and subsequently supported or rejected.
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| lifespan development | An examination of the biological, cognitive/psychological, and social changes that occur over the course of a human life. This is one perspective in the broader psychology discipline.
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| lifespan psychology | Study of human development from conception to death.
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| longitudinal studies | Studies in which the researcher makes several observations of the same individuals at two or more times in their lives. Examples are determining the long-term effects of learning on behavior; the stability of habits and intelligence; and the factors involved in memory.
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| manipulative experiments | Experiments in which the researcher attempts to keep all variables (all the factors that can affect a particular outcome) constant except one, which is carefully manipulated.
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| naturalistic experiments | Experiments in which the researcher acts solely as an observer and does as little as possible to disturb the environment. “Nature” performs the experiment, and the researcher acts as a recorder of the results.
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| one-time, one-group studies | Studies carried out only once with one group of participants.
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| scientific method | An approach to investigation that includes empirical research, data collection, and testing.
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| sequential (longitudinal/cross-sectional) studies | Cross-sectional studies done at several times with the same groups of individuals.
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| time-variable designs | A specific amount of time (duration) is allowed for a given study, or there is a specific number of times a measure is used in a given study.
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