After reading this chapter, the student should be able to address the following:

1. Define the major physical achievements of infancy.



2. Discuss the important aspects of nutritional needs of infants and how culture and social trends impact the feeding options that mothers consider for the newborn.



3. Describe the changes in the growth and development of the infant's brain and the manner in which the child demonstrates increasing mastery of his or her body.



4. Summarize neonatal reflexes and neonatal abilities. Discuss how each might present added "survival value" for the neonate.



5. Identify and describe the three neonatal assessment techniques.



6. Summarize milestones in motor development during infancy.



7. Describe the following neonatal problems: failure to thrive;
   Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS); sleeping disorders (e.g., apnea); and Respiratory Distress Syndrome.



8. Summarize perceptual development during infancy; identify one way to test for visual perception.



9. Characterize the six stages of Piaget's sensorimotor period.



10. Identify the major accomplishments achieved by the end of this sensorimotor period.



11. Summarize the major criticisms about Piaget's theory of cognitive development.



12. Summarize the development of information processing in infants.



13. Discuss the key signs of language acquisition and the range of ages at which these signs typically appear.



14. Discuss Vygotsky's stages of language development. Give an example of how a child's behavior reflects the use of inner speech.



15. Describe the role of relationships in psychosocial development.



16. Talk about the importance of an infant's smile in context of emotional development.



17. Summarize Bowlby's attachment theory in infants. Talk about Bowlby's "strange situation" experiment.



18. Describe the meaning of "goodness of fit" in the context of infant temperament.