 |
| 1 | |
The behavior, patterns, and beliefs, of a specific group of people that are passed on from one generation to the next is known as |
| | A) | culture. |
| | B) | minority. |
| | C) | ethnicity. |
| | D) | socioeconomic status. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
A tendency to favor one's own group over others is called |
| | A) | ethnicity. |
| | B) | socioeconomic status. |
| | C) | culture. |
| | D) | ethnocentrism. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Dr. Mehta's research involves comparing several different cultures with each other to understand the role of culture in adolescent development. In terms of developmental research, Dr. Mehta's research would be considered _____ studies. |
| | A) | international |
| | B) | transcultural |
| | C) | cross-cultural |
| | D) | cultural |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
_____ emphasizes values that serve the group by subordinating personal goals to preserve group integrity, interdependence of group members, and harmonious relationships. |
| | A) | Individualism |
| | B) | Group |
| | C) | Collectivism |
| | D) | Communism |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Which of the following is a characteristic of collectivistic cultures? |
| | A) | focus on the individual |
| | B) | frequent cognitive dissonance |
| | C) | many casual relationships |
| | D) | the people who are most liked are self-effacing |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Which of the following values reflects parents' beliefs in individualistic cultures? |
| | A) | connectedness to the family |
| | B) | orientation to the large group |
| | C) | intrinsic motivation |
| | D) | obedience |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
If you meet someone that defines themselves by in-group terms, is modest, has few close relationships, values personalized relationships, security and in-group harmony, they are most likely from a _____ culture. |
| | A) | individualist |
| | B) | international |
| | C) | collectivist |
| | D) | communistic |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
When compared to adolescents in other developed countries, U.S. adolescents spend less time |
| | A) | in paid work. |
| | B) | doing homework. |
| | C) | doing hobbies or sports. |
| | D) | participating in discretionary activities. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Rites of passage for adolescents are most likely to be found in |
| | A) | sub-Saharan Africa. |
| | B) | rural areas of the United States. |
| | C) | large cities in the United States. |
| | D) | most Western industrialized countries. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Socioeconomic status, or SES, refers to a grouping of people with all of the following similar characteristics EXCEPT |
| | A) | occupation. |
| | B) | education. |
| | C) | religion. |
| | D) | economic resources. |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Family income is a good measure of |
| | A) | ethnicity. |
| | B) | socioeconomic status. |
| | C) | culture. |
| | D) | ethnocentrism. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Which of the following is characteristic of the child rearing practices in lower-SES families? |
| | A) | concern with children developing initiative and delay of gratification |
| | B) | being more conversational with children |
| | C) | children are more nearly equal participants in the family |
| | D) | physical punishment is used more often to discipline children |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Because Kwami's family is poor, he is more likely than a child from a middle-SES family to experience all of the following environmental inequities EXCEPT |
| | A) | conflict, violence, instability, and chaos in his home. |
| | B) | less access to television. |
| | C) | low levels of social support. |
| | D) | heavily polluted air and water. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
All of the following are common reasons for the high poverty rate of single mothers EXCEPT |
| | A) | women's low pay. |
| | B) | infrequent awarding of alimony payments. |
| | C) | poorly enforced child support. |
| | D) | lack of desire to work. |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
The feminization of poverty refers to |
| | A) | the fact that far more women than men live in poverty. |
| | B) | the fact that women and men are equally represented in poverty. |
| | C) | the fact that women are responsible for their poverty. |
| | D) | the fact that the feminist movement is responsible for poverty. |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
El Puente is a social program in New York City for |
| | A) | low-income Latino adolescents. |
| | B) | Catholic adolescent girls. |
| | C) | Protestant girls. |
| | D) | English-speaking immigrants from Mexico. |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
Which of the following is accurate with regard to ethnic issues in the United States today? |
| | A) | Ethnic diversity of adolescents and emerging adults is decreasing. |
| | B) | When working with adolescents and immigrant families, counselors need to be culturally sensitive. |
| | C) | Family obligations are endorsed more by adolescents than by their parents. |
| | D) | The intergenerational value discrepancy decreases over time. |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
The "immigrant paradox" refers to research that suggests that |
| | A) | despite cultural, language and SES obstacles, immigrant youth show a high level of well-being and fewer problems than native-born youth. |
| | B) | despite cultural, language and SES obstacles, immigrant youth show a high level of academic success than native-born youth. |
| | C) | youth of immigrants have a lower level of well-being and are at risk for more problems. |
| | D) | the longer youth live in the U.S. the higher the risk for suicide. |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
The "immigrant risk model" was based on the belief that |
| | A) | despite cultural, language and SES obstacles, immigrant youth show a high level of well-being and fewer problems than native-born youth. |
| | B) | despite cultural, language and SES obstacles, immigrant youth show a high level of academic success than native-born youth. |
| | C) | immigrant youth have a lower level of well-being and are at risk for more problems. |
| | D) | the language barrier was insurmountable for immigrants. |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
Suki has moved to the U.S. with her parents from Japan. She finds herself adopting the style of dress of other teen girls at her school. This illustrates the process of |
| | A) | accommodation |
| | B) | ethnocentrism |
| | C) | acculturation |
| | D) | assimilation |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
A problem for researchers studying the effects of ethnicity on development is that ethnicity can interact with _____ in ways that exaggerate the influence of ethnicity. |
| | A) | SES |
| | B) | culture |
| | C) | race |
| | D) | politics |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
Of the different ethnic groups living in the United States, _____ are considered to be a "model minority" because of their strong achievement orientation and family cohesiveness. |
| | A) | African Americans |
| | B) | Japanese Americans |
| | C) | Latinos |
| | D) | non-Latino Whites |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
For most of the 20th century, the differences between ethnic minority groups and non-Latino Whites were conceptualized as |
| | A) | deficits. |
| | B) | diversity. |
| | C) | advantages. |
| | D) | hardships. |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
When an adolescent has a negative attitude about a person because he or she belongs to a particular group, the adolescent is exhibiting |
| | A) | values. |
| | B) | an opinion. |
| | C) | prejudice. |
| | D) | SES. |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
Professor Gupta is studying problems of ethnic minorities in the United States. What is she likely to find? |
| | A) | Due to the great number of immigrants who have come to the United States, discrimination has largely disappeared. |
| | B) | Most schools have incorporated curricula that are sensitive to ethnic minority adolescents' learning styles. |
| | C) | Teachers are increasingly appreciating the unique abilities of ethnic minority students. |
| | D) | Discrimination and prejudice continue to be present in the media, interpersonal interactions, and daily conversations. |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
When does total media exposure like television and video game playing typically peak? |
| | A) | in the preadolescent years |
| | B) | in early adolescence |
| | C) | in late adolescence |
| | D) | in emerging adulthood |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
Which of these statements about children and adolescents and TV watching is NOT true? |
| | A) | Violence on TV has been linked to aggressive behavior in young adults. |
| | B) | The more children and adolescents watch TV the lower their school achievement is. |
| | C) | Watching TV sex influences adolescents' sexual attitudes and behavior. |
| | D) | The amount of time that adolescents watch TV has no effect on their academic achievement. |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
Jeff is a typical adolescent who spends much of his time playing violent vide games. We would expect to see all of the following as a result of his video game activities EXCEPT |
| | A) | he experiences an altered state of consciousness while playing. |
| | B) | he will develop greater sensitivity to real-life violence. |
| | C) | his grades will be lower than his peers who spend less time playing the games. |
| | D) | his visuospatial skills will improve. |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
Television has been criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT |
| | A) | being linked to a greater incidence of obesity. |
| | B) | lower achievement in school. |
| | C) | creating passive learners. |
| | D) | improving the leisure activities of adolescents. |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
A specific concern that has recently emerged about children and adolescents using the Internet is that |
| | A) | they will start self-diagnosing on Web MD. |
| | B) | the Internet can cause vulnerable adolescents to become antisocial. |
| | C) | they can access inappropriate information. |
| | D) | information is too hard to find. |
|
|
.