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| 1 | |
A set of expectations describing how males and females should think, act, and feel defines |
| | A) | a self-schema. |
| | B) | a gender role. |
| | C) | gender intensification. |
| | D) | sexism. |
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| 2 | |
Gender is |
| | A) | biologically determined. |
| | B) | influenced by biological, social, and cognitive factors. |
| | C) | the result of parental influences. |
| | D) | hormonally independent. |
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| 3 | |
Freud believed that |
| | A) | gender and sexual behavior are the result of social context. |
| | B) | gender and sexual behavior are essentially unlearned and instinctual. |
| | C) | gender and sexual behavior are the result of parental influences. |
| | D) | gender and sexual behavior are the result of observing other people's behavior. |
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| 4 | |
According to evolutionary psychologist David Buss, |
| | A) | men and women's gender-role differences are biologically determined. |
| | B) | gender-role differences are culturally based. |
| | C) | men and women differ psychologically in those domains in which they have faced different problems during evolutionary history. |
| | D) | parents' behavior strongly influences gender-role differences. |
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| 5 | |
According to evolutionary psychology, _____ is NOT an evolved disposition of men. |
| | A) | violence |
| | B) | competition |
| | C) | risk taking |
| | D) | compassion |
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| 6 | |
According to _____ theory, gender differences, like women performing more domestic work, mainly result from the contrasting roles of females and males. |
| | A) | psychodynamic |
| | B) | social role |
| | C) | social cognitive |
| | D) | gender schema |
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| 7 | |
The "anatomy-is-destiny" view of biological influences on gender is best reflected in _____ theory. |
| | A) | David Buss's |
| | B) | Erik Erikson's |
| | C) | Jean Piaget's |
| | D) | Alice Eagley's |
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| 8 | |
Carina has watched her mom bake cookies hundreds of times and helped several times. Today she bakes cookies for school by herself and her mom rewards her on being "such a good girl". Which theory of gender best explains this interaction? |
| | A) | psychodynamic theory |
| | B) | social role theory |
| | C) | social cognitive theory |
| | D) | gender schema theory |
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| 9 | |
Who provides the first models of gender behavior? |
| | A) | siblings |
| | B) | peers |
| | C) | parents |
| | D) | none of these because gender behaviors are biologically based |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following is NOT a recent research finding pertaining to the experiences of boys and girls in school? |
| | A) | Teachers are more likely to criticize boys than girls. |
| | B) | In many classrooms, teachers spend more time watching and interacting with boys. |
| | C) | Teachers often give boys more time to answer a question and more hints at the correct answer. |
| | D) | Girls and boys are equally likely to be grade repeaters. |
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| 11 | |
Which statement concerning the portrayal of females on television is true? |
| | A) | Males and females are equally likely to be dressed in provocative clothing. |
| | B) | Female characters are more likely than males to be portrayed as competent, autonomous, and active. |
| | C) | Adolescent girls are portrayed as being almost equally concerned with dating, shopping, and their appearance as with school and career plans. |
| | D) | Attractive girls are often typed as "air-heads" and intelligent girls as unattractive. |
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| 12 | |
One media study reported that the more that adolescent girls and boys watched entertainment TV, the more _____ their body images were. |
| | A) | positive |
| | B) | negative |
| | C) | changeable |
| | D) | confused |
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| 13 | |
The notion that gender typing emerges as children and adolescents gradually develop gender schemas is consistent with _____ theory. |
| | A) | cognitive-developmental |
| | B) | gender schema |
| | C) | social role |
| | D) | social cognitive |
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| 14 | |
Tom must choose between a modern dance class and swimming to satisfy a physical education requirement for graduation. He chooses swimming because dance is "too feminine." This is an example of |
| | A) | gender inequity. |
| | B) | androgyny. |
| | C) | psychosexual conflict. |
| | D) | gender schema. |
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| 15 | |
Gender schema theory states that today's adolescents are motivated to act in ways that _____ the gender schemas that they learn. |
| | A) | contradict |
| | B) | conform to |
| | C) | make them think about |
| | D) | make them change |
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| 16 | |
Recent research on gender stereotypes finds that |
| | A) | these stereotypes no longer are prevalent in industrialized societies. |
| | B) | boys and girls share most of the same gender stereotypes. |
| | C) | boys' gender stereotypes are more rigid than girls' stereotypes. |
| | D) | girls' gender stereotypes are more rigid than boys' stereotypes. |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following is an example of an instrumental trait? |
| | A) | warm |
| | B) | sensitive |
| | C) | independence |
| | D) | dependence |
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| 18 | |
There are several differences in the brains of males when compared to females. Which of the following is NOT one of those differences? |
| | A) | A part of the hypothalamus that is involved in sexual behavior is larger in men then women. |
| | B) | An area in the parietal lobe know to be involved in spatial thinking is larger in men then women. |
| | C) | Female brains are approximately 10% larger then male brains. |
| | D) | Female brains have more folds and larger folds giving them more surface brain tissue than male brains. . |
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| 19 | |
One of the most consistent gender differences is that |
| | A) | boys are more likely to engage in physical aggression than girls. |
| | B) | boys are more likely to engage in verbal aggression than girls. |
| | C) | boys are more likely to engage in relational aggression than girls. |
| | D) | there are few differences found between boys and girls in terms of aggression. |
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| 20 | |
Tammy spreads a malicious rumor about Teri in an attempt to get her friend to dislike Teri. This type of behavior is called _____ aggression. |
| | A) | prosocial |
| | B) | passive |
| | C) | relational |
| | D) | direct |
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| 21 | |
According to sociolinguist Deborah Tannen, _____ is NOT an example of "report talk." |
| | A) | joking |
| | B) | storytelling |
| | C) | lecturing |
| | D) | relationship negotiation |
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| 22 | |
Which developmentalist asserts that gender differences are due to social conditions that have resulted in women having less power and controlling fewer resources than men? |
| | A) | David Buss |
| | B) | Alice Eagly |
| | C) | Janet Shibley Hyde |
| | D) | Sandra Bem |
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| 23 | |
Janet Shibly Hyde summarized 44 meta-analyses of gender differences and similarities. She found the largest differences between males and females to be |
| | A) | motor skills. |
| | B) | math skills. |
| | C) | communication skills. |
| | D) | aggression. |
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| 24 | |
According to the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, an adolescent is androgynous if she scores |
| | A) | high on masculinity and high on femininity. |
| | B) | high on masculinity and low on femininity. |
| | C) | low on femininity and low on masculinity. |
| | D) | half-way between masculinity and femininity. |
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| 25 | |
According to the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, _____ people are the most mentally healthy and flexible. |
| | A) | masculine |
| | B) | feminine |
| | C) | undifferentiated |
| | D) | androgynous |
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| 26 | |
Which of these behaviors is MOST characteristic of the "boy code"? |
| | A) | showing little emotion |
| | B) | doing well in school |
| | C) | learning to regulate emotions |
| | D) | engaging in delinquent activities |
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| 27 | |
The gender intensification hypothesis states that behavioral differences between males and females become greater during adolescence as a result of |
| | A) | hormones. |
| | B) | pressures to conform to stereotypes. |
| | C) | television commercials. |
| | D) | the development of a new schema. |
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| 28 | |
The idea that gender stereotyping would be reduced if we view ourselves as people first, not just our gender identification is known as |
| | A) | gender-nullification theory. |
| | B) | gender-role transference. |
| | C) | androgyny. |
| | D) | gender-role transcendence. |
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| 29 | |
According to Carol Gilligan, which of these statements about females and adolescence is NOT true? |
| | A) | Androgynous girls have little voice in public contexts. |
| | B) | At about 11 or 12 years of age, girls discover that the male-dominated society does not value their interest in intimacy. |
| | C) | Girls are presented with a choice of appearing selfish or selfless. |
| | D) | Girls experience life differently than boys do. |
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| 30 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of Gilligan's research? |
| | A) | She exaggerates the differences in intimacy and connectedness between males and females. |
| | B) | She underemphasizes gender differences. |
| | C) | She rarely includes comparison groups of boys in her research. |
| | D) | Her findings reinforce stereotypes that might undermine females' struggle for equality. |
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