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| 1 | |
The three major aspects of moral development include |
| | A) | stimulus, response, and consequences. |
| | B) | thoughts, behaviors, and feelings. |
| | C) | individual, family, and society. |
| | D) | id, ego, and superego. |
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| 2 | |
Three levels of moral development, comprising six stages, based on how individuals think about moral behavior, were proposed by |
| | A) | Martin Hoffman. |
| | B) | Jean Piaget. |
| | C) | Sigmund Freud. |
| | D) | Lawrence Kohlberg. |
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| 3 | |
Dr. Dre believes that how someone thinks about moral situations and internalizes their morality is based on overall development. He is most likely a proponent of whose theory? |
| | A) | Freud, and the psychoanalytic perspective |
| | B) | Kohlberg, and the cognitive development perspective |
| | C) | Gilligan, and the care perspective |
| | D) | Bandura and social cognitive perspective |
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| 4 | |
According to Kohlberg, a key concept in understanding moral development is _____, the developmental change from behavior that is externally controlled to behavior that is controlled by internal standards and principles. |
| | A) | autonomous morality |
| | B) | internalization |
| | C) | individualism |
| | D) | social contract |
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| 5 | |
Sammy does what his parents tell him to do because he knows if he doesn't his parents will punish him. Sammy is in which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development? |
| | A) | sensorimotor |
| | B) | preconventional |
| | C) | conventional |
| | D) | postconventional |
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| 6 | |
Valerie works tirelessly to help children escape the inhuman conditions she has witnessed in the Sudan. She does this because she believes it is the "right thing to do," even though she often finds herself in life threatening situations when helping these children. Valerie demonstrates which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development? |
| | A) | individualism, purpose, and exchange |
| | B) | social systems morality |
| | C) | mutual interpersonal expectations |
| | D) | universal ethical principles |
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| 7 | |
When asked if Heinz should steal the drug to save his wife's life, Gina said, "Yes. It shows how much he loves her." Gina's response demonstrates which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development? |
| | A) | individualism, purpose, and exchange |
| | B) | mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity |
| | C) | universal ethical principal |
| | D) | social contract or utility and individual rights |
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| 8 | |
Parents are more likely to promote higher levels of moral reasoning in their children by |
| | A) | encouraging conversation about value-laden issues. |
| | B) | telling their children how to act. |
| | C) | punishing their children for inappropriate behavior. |
| | D) | giving their children books to read on moral behavior. |
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| 9 | |
Which of these was NOT a criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? |
| | A) | It places too much emphasis on moral thought and too little emphasis on moral behavior. |
| | B) | Kohlberg's stories are extremely difficult to score. |
| | C) | It is deficient in explaining the progressive conceptions people use to understand social cooperation. |
| | D) | It did not fully consider culture or gender variables. |
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| 10 | |
Carol Gilligan has criticized Kohlberg's theory for |
| | A) | overemphasizing people's connectedness and communication with other people. |
| | B) | emphasizing moral behavior and ignoring moral reasoning. |
| | C) | relying on a single method to assess individual's moral reasoning. |
| | D) | neglecting the importance of gender and interpersonal relationships in moral development. |
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| 11 | |
A _____ perspective focuses on the rights of the individual—they may be independent moral decisions; a _____ perspective views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication and concern for others. |
| | A) | care; justice |
| | B) | conventional; ethical |
| | C) | justice; altruistic |
| | D) | justice; care |
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| 12 | |
A meta-analysis evaluating Carol Gilligan's claim of substantial gender differences in moral judgment |
| | A) | supported Gilligan's findings. |
| | B) | cast doubt on Gilligan's findings. |
| | C) | found that when gender differences occurred they were better explained by age. |
| | D) | found that when gender differences occurred they were better explained by parenting style than by gender. |
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| 13 | |
One problem with teaching moral behavior by punishment unacceptable behavior is that |
| | A) | it is not effective. |
| | B) | it sanctions the use of punishment. |
| | C) | it does not have long lasting effects. |
| | D) | it is difficult to enforce. |
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| 14 | |
Dr. Rasmusen believes that self-regulation and self-sanctions keep people behaving in a moral manner, rather than abstract reasoning. He is most likely a proponent of whose theory? |
| | A) | Freud, and the psychoanalytic perspective |
| | B) | Kohlberg, and the cognitive development perspective |
| | C) | Gilligan, and the care perspective |
| | D) | Bandura and social cognitive perspective |
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| 15 | |
According to Albert Bandura, the key to positive moral development is |
| | A) | abstract reasoning. |
| | B) | the fear of punishment. |
| | C) | good instruction. |
| | D) | self-regulation. |
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| 16 | |
An unselfish interest in helping another person is called |
| | A) | forgiveness. |
| | B) | conscience. |
| | C) | induction. |
| | D) | altruism. |
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| 17 | |
Which term is used when a person releases the injurer from possible behavioral retaliation? |
| | A) | altruism |
| | B) | empathy |
| | C) | sympathy |
| | D) | forgiveness |
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| 18 | |
Which parent of the superego rewards an individual with a sense of pride and personal value when the individual acts according to high moral standards? |
| | A) | id |
| | B) | ego ideal |
| | C) | conscience |
| | D) | unconscious |
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| 19 | |
The lack of empathy is associated with |
| | A) | excessive achievement orientation. |
| | B) | vulnerability to cults. |
| | C) | antisocial behaviors. |
| | D) | chronic depression. |
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| 20 | |
Perspective taking, or the ability to discern other's inner psychological states is related to |
| | A) | apathy |
| | B) | self-regulation |
| | C) | empathy |
| | D) | guilt |
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| 21 | |
Eddie sees that moral notions and commitments are central to his life. He has developed a moral |
| | A) | motivation. |
| | B) | identity. |
| | C) | exemplar. |
| | D) | character. |
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| 22 | |
Mother Theresa is an example of a moral _____. |
| | A) | motivator. |
| | B) | identity. |
| | C) | exemplar. |
| | D) | character. |
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| 23 | |
_____ is a strategy parents use to promote moral development in their adolescents through reason and explanation of consequences for others based on the adolescent's actions. |
| | A) | Love withdrawal |
| | B) | Power assertion |
| | C) | Induction |
| | D) | Altruism |
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| 24 | |
According to Dewey, schools are one of the settings in which moral development occurs. The moral climate of the school is called |
| | A) | administrative morale. |
| | B) | service learning. |
| | C) | the hidden curriculum. |
| | D) | the classroom conscience. |
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| 25 | |
Teaching students a basic moral literacy to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior and doing harm to themselves or others is referred to as |
| | A) | mental hygiene. |
| | B) | character education. |
| | C) | the hidden curriculum. |
| | D) | cognitive moral education. |
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| 26 | |
The belief that students should learn to value such things as democracy and justice as their moral development progresses is called |
| | A) | cognitive moral education. |
| | B) | values clarification. |
| | C) | character education. |
| | D) | service learning. |
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| 27 | |
As part of his high school curriculum, Carlos has been tutoring fifth graders in math and on weekends he reads to elderly blind residents at a local assisted living facility. This type of educational program is referred to as |
| | A) | cognitive moral education. |
| | B) | service learning. |
| | C) | values clarification. |
| | D) | character education. |
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| 28 | |
_____ are beliefs and attitudes about the way things should be and what is important to that individual. |
| | A) | Ethics |
| | B) | Values |
| | C) | Roles |
| | D) | Goals |
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| 29 | |
Samantha goes to temple weekly and is involved in the youth group. She is showing |
| | A) | religiousness. |
| | B) | spirituality. |
| | C) | values. |
| | D) | ethics. |
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| 30 | |
Who is more likely to be religious? |
| | A) | Kalinda who is 25 |
| | B) | Cassie who is 14 |
| | C) | Braden who is 16 |
| | D) | Mason who is 24 |
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