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1 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Soren Kierkegaard believed that metaphysics could demonstrate that the world is fundamentally rational and that human life does have a clear meaning and purpose. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
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2 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Arthur Schopenhauer thought that human actions are driven by a blind, purposeless will. |
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3 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Existentialists believe that most people lead dull, senseless, trivial lives filled with anguish and despair. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
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4 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Existentialists also believe that philosophy should focus on the big picture, not on individuals and their confrontation with the world. |
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5 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) For Albert Camus, suicide is a better option than simply rebelling against the absurdity of life. |
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6 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Jean Paul Sartre thought that humans come into existence already with a purpose to their existence and thus a meaning to their lives. |
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7 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) According to Sartre, humans are both thrown into existence and condemned to freedom. |
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8 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Edmund Husserl's "phenomenological reduction" attempts to study the stream of conscious experience without making any assumptions at all about the nature or existence of an external, objective world. |
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9 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) That minds and their ideas are superior to and should thus control any nonmental reality is an idea highly endorsed by Martin Heidegger. |
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10 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) According to the later Heidegger, we should dwell simply in Being, not in the thingafied world of modern, technical man. |
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11 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) In Jurgen Habermas' ideal speech situation, only those with knowledge of and respect for the controlling ideology of a society should be allowed to participate. |
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12 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Michel Foucault's study of discourse revealed to him a steady advancement of truth over superstition as time goes by. |
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13 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) For structuralists like Ferdinand Saussure, the meaning of a sign (signifier) rests in its contrast with other signs that could be, but are not, present. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
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14 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Deconstruction attempts to find the essential meaning of a text from among the many possible meanings. |
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15 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) For Jacques Derrida, the meaning of words is not stable. |
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16 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Claude Lévi Strauss abandoned Saussure's methods while conducting his ethnographic research. |
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17 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Jacques Derrida followed the deconstructive method. |
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18 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Michael Foucault wrote The History of Sexuality. |
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19 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Jurgen Habermas' views were considered Marxist. |
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20 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Alain Badiou held that philosophers can learn nothing from mathematicians. |
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