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1 | |
Middle-range theories are |
| | A) | explanations and predictions of social phenomena that attempt to relate mass communication to various aspects of our personal and cultural lives or social systems. |
| | B) | ideas that explain or predict only limited aspects of the mass communication process. |
| | C) | theories that explain media's influence over middle-class or typical people. |
| | D) | attempts to mediate between competing paradigms. |
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2 | |
A paradigm is |
| | A) | a theory that summarizes and is consistent with all known facts. |
| | B) | an explanation of social phenomena that attempts to relate mass communication to various aspects of our personal and cultural lives or social systems. |
| | C) | an idea that explains or predicts only limited aspects of the mass communication process. |
| | D) | another name for grand social theory. |
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3 | |
The Orson Wells radio production of The War of the Worlds began the era of _______ in the development of mass communication theory. |
| | A) | mass society theory |
| | B) | cultural theory |
| | C) | limited effects theory |
| | D) | the scientific perspective on mass communication theory |
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4 | |
In studying how media's influence is affected by people's intelligence and education, individual differences theory is an example of the era of |
| | A) | mass society theory. |
| | B) | cultural theory. |
| | C) | limited effects. |
| | D) | the scientific perspective on mass communication theory. |
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5 | |
In two-step flow theory, media influence passes from ___________ to opinion followers. |
| | A) | the media |
| | B) | opinion leaders |
| | C) | powerful elites |
| | D) | opinion makers |
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6 | |
Uses and gratifications theory argues that |
| | A) | media don't do things to people, rather, people do things with media. |
| | B) | media producers can dictate the uses to which people put media. |
| | C) | only selected, especially well-crafted, media messages can influence gratifications. |
| | D) | people use media to gratify only unimportant needs, such as keeping up on fashions. |
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7 | |
Klapper's reinforcement theory argues that |
| | A) | media are quite powerful, especially in the realm of reinforcement. |
| | B) | only selected, especially well-crafted, media messages can influence reinforcement. |
| | C) | media have little power, but what influence they do have is in the form of reinforcement. |
| | D) | mediating variables make media powerful agents of change. |
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8 | |
Agenda-setting is a theory that argues that |
| | A) | reality is a social construction. |
| | B) | cultures attribute meaning to symbols which then control behavior. |
| | C) | media do not tell us what to think, but what to think about. |
| | D) | children can learn violence through watching television. |
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9 | |
Dependency theory argues that |
| | A) | people learn to model the behaviors they see through observation. |
| | B) | audience members don't just passively take in and store bits of information, they actively process this information, reshape it, and store it. |
| | C) | media's influence resides in the relationship between the larger social system, the media's role in that system, and audience relationships to the media. |
| | D) | people who share a culture also share an "ongoing correspondence" of meaning. |
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10 | |
According to ______________, television constructs a reality of the world that, although possibly inaccurate, becomes accepted simply because we as a culture believe it to be true. |
| | A) | critical cultural theory |
| | B) | the Frankfurt School |
| | C) | cultivation analysis |
| | D) | social construction of reality theory |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education