PART 1, Writing Situations and Getting Started: Early Stages of the Writing
Process
CHAPTER 1, WRITING IN CONTEXT Why Learn to Write Well? What Is the Rhetorical Situation? What Is the Writing Process? A Word of Encouragement CHAPTER 2, DIFFERENT VOICES FOR DIFFERENT OCCASIONS AND AUDIENCES The Writer’s Voice How Casual Conversation Differs from Focused Writing Standard and Nonstandard Usage Where Can I Find Keys to Usage Labels and Abbreviations? What If Dictionaries Disagree? Three Vocabularies Three Levels of Formality Three Common Concerns that Affect Voice Three Crucial Questions for Achieving an Appropriate Voice CHAPTER 3, PREWRITING: DISCOVERING IDEAS Overcoming Anxiety Prewriting: Stage One of the Writing Process Combining Invention Techniques Gathering Information CHAPTER 4, DRAFTING: EXPLORING IDEAS Drafting: Stage 2 of the Writing Process Focusing an Exploratory Draft Drafting an Introduction Seven Basic Ways to Organize a Draft Writing an Effective Conclusion Drafting on a Computer A Note of Reassurance and a Brief Review PART 2, A Revision Workshop:
CHAPTER 5, REVISING, EDITING, AND PROOFREADING: AN OVERVIEW How Do You Become Your Own Editor? Revision: Stage 3 of the Writing Process Five Major Steps of Revision Refocusing a Draft Clarifying the Draft Editing and Proofreading: Stage 4 of the Writing Process Major Tasks in Editing and Proofreading Proofreading Effectively Peer Review: Helping to Improve Each Others’ Writing Hang in There! CHAPTER 6, ANALYTICAL THINKING AND REVISION Why Is Accuracy Important? How Can Facts Be Determined? Inferences Are Unproven Value Judgments and Point of View Tone of Voice Four Ways Misinformation Arises Writing Responsibly Revising for Accuracy CHAPTER 7, REVISING PARAGRAPHS Elements of an Effective Paragraph Qualities of Effective Paragraphs Prewriting and Drafting Paragraphs Organizing and Developing Paragraphs CHAPTER 8, EDITING SENTENCES Effective Use of Verbs Sentence Variety Parallelism: A Balancing Act Chopping out Deadwood Sentence Style CHAPTER 9, IMPROVING WORD CHOICE Word Meanings: Denotation and Connotation Negative and Positive Words Inclusive Language Technical Jargon Trite Language and Clichés Making the Message Clear and Appropriate Scholarly or Simple Words? PART 3, Options for Organization
CHAPTER 10, NARRATION: RECOUNTING EVENTS Purpose of Narration Elements of Narration Writing a Narrative Paper Writing a Narrative Report Revising a Narrative Two Narrative Student Papers CHAPTER 11, DESCRIPTION: CONVEYING IMPRESSIONS What Exactly Is Description? Purpose of Description Subjective and Objective Description Writing a Paper of Description Two Descriptive Student Papers CHAPTER 12, PROCESS ANALYSIS: EXPLAINING HOW What Is Process Analysis? Transition in Process Analysis Writing a Process Paper Two Student Process Papers CHAPTER 13, ILLUSTRATION: SHOWING WITH EXAMPLES Purpose of Examples Elements of Illustration Writing a Paper of Illustration Two Student Illustration Papers CHAPTER 14, CLASSIFICATION: DIVIDING AND GROUPING Purpose of Classification What Is the Basis of Classification? Writing a Paper of Classification Two Student Classification Papers CHAPTER 15, COMPARISON AND CONTRAST: EXPLAINING LIKENESS AND DIFFERENCE The Purpose of Comparison or Contrast Transition in Comparison or Contrast Papers Pitfalls to Avoid in Comparison or Contrast Papers Analogy: A Special Kind of Comparison Writing a Paper of Comparison of Contrast Three Student Comparison or Contrast Papers CHAPTER 16, DEFINITION: IDENTIFYING BASIC CHARACTERISTICS The Purpose of Definition Formal Sentence Definition Extended Definition Writing a Paper of Extended Definition Two Student Papers of Definition CHAPTER 17, CAUSE AND EFFECT: EXPLAINING WHY The Purpose of Causal Analysis What Is Causal Analysis? Writing a Cause and Effect Paper Two Student Cause and Effect Papers PART 4, Guide to Critical Thinking, Evaluation, and Argument
CHAPTER 18, PROBLEM SOLVING Dewey’s Method of Problem Solving How Can One Be Objective? Writing a Problem-Solving Paper Two Student Problem-Solving Papers CHAPTER 19, SHAPING AN EFFECTIVE ARGUMENT The Purpose of Argument Three Classic Appeals Used in Argument Understanding Opposing Views Writing a Classic Argument Paper Two Student Argument Papers CHAPTER 20, DETECTING FALLACIES Logical Fallacies Emotional Fallacies Dealing with Fallacies PART 5, Research Writing Guide
CHAPTER 21, PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS FOR RESEARCH WRITERS Primary and Secondary Research Scheduling Research Tasks CHAPTER 22, PRIMARY RESEARCH: OBSERVATION, INTERVIEWS, AND SURVEYS Observation Interviews Surveys Drawing Conclusions from a Survey and Interviews Making an Outline of a Report Writing a Primary Research Paper or Report CHAPTER 23, SECONDARY RESEARCH: LOCATING PRINT AND ELECTRONIC SOURCES Determining the Aim or Purpose Selecting an Appropriate Topic Limiting the Topic Selecting Suitable Sources Finding Print and Electronic Resources at the Library Finding and Evaluating Internet Sources CHAPTER 24, DOCUMENTING SOURCES What Is Documentation? Box: MLA Directory MLA Style of Documentation Preparing a List of Works Cited: MLA Style APA Style of Documentation Preparing a Reference List: APA Style CHAPTER 25, USING AND WRITING FROM SOURCES Workplace Case Study: Tracking the Truth Research Reading Note-Taking, Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting Summarizing Making a Working Outline Drafting a Research Paper Revising, Editing, and Formatting Student Research Paper: MLA Style PART 6, Guide to Reading and Writing about Essays, Fiction, Plays, and Poetry
CHAPTER 26, READING AND RESPONDING TO ESSAYS What to Expect in Essays ROBERT L. ROSE, Is Saving Legal? Critical Reading Writing a Paper of Reaction A Sample Student Paper of Reaction CHAPTER 27, READING AND RESPONDING TO SHORT STORIES, NOVELS, AND PLAYS What Is the Role of the Reader? Reading and Taking Notes Elements of Literature Figurative Language and Literary Devices Preparing an Analysis of Literature Sample Student Literary Analysis CHAPTER 28, READING AND RESPONDING TO POETRY How Can a Reader Get Hold of a Poem? ARTHUR GUITERMAN, On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness CARL SANDBURG, Grass Reading Narrative Poems COUNTEE CULLEN, Incident Reading Lyric Poems JOSO, The Barley Field SORA, The Barley Field EMILY DICKINSON, [I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed] ARCHIBALD MACLEISH, Ars Poetica Preparing an Analysis of a Poem WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, [I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud] PART 7, A Writer’s Reference: Essay Exams, Employment Writing, and Oral
Presentations CHAPTER 29, WRITING EFFECTIVE ESSAY EXAMS Preparing for Exams Writing Complete Essay Exam Answers CHAPTER 30, EMPLOYMENT WRITING FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY I. Writing an Effective Resume Box: Internet Career Directory II. Writing Letters and Other Correspondence for Employment CHAPTER 31, ORAL PRESENTATIONS Whether Speaking to Six or Sixty How Do Writing and Speaking Differ? Four Speaking Situations Adapting a Written Text for an Oral Presentation Planning an Extemporaneous Presentation Ensuring Credibility, Organization, and Development Options for Introductions and Conclusions Preparing Notes and Audiovisuals Practicing for a Presentation Giving an Extemporaneous Presentation A Student’s Persuasive Presentation
PART 8, The Reader
* indicates the selection is new to this edition
CHAPTER 32 NARRATION: RECOUNTING EVENTS * DAVID BANK, Rosetta Disk Is Foundation’s Gift to Future Linguists JEAN HOUSTON, The Art of Acknowledgment PHILLIP WEISS, How to Get out of a Locked Trunk CARSON MCCULLERS, Home for Christmas CHAPTER 33 DESCRIPTION: CONVEYING IMPRESSIONS SUE HUBBELL, Caterpillar Afternoon EUDORA WELTY, One Writer’s Beginnings JOHN CIARDI, Dawn Watch LIANE NORMAN, Pedestrian Students CHAPTER 34 PROCESS ANALYSIS: EXPLAINING HOW EUELL GIBBONS, How to Cook a Carp NOEL PERRIN, Falling for Apples *CAROL CARTER, Write Your Own Success Story MARYA MANNES, How Do You Know It’s Good? CHAPTER 35 ILLUSTRATION: SHOWING WITH EXAMPLES ETHLIE VARE AND GREG PTACEK, Mothers of Invention VEST, COHEN, AND THARP, Road Rage ANDREA LEE, Black and Well-to-Do *HOLMAN W JENKINS, JR., Uptight Is Back in Style CHAPTER 36 CLASSIFICATION: DIVIDING AND GROUPING *KATHLEEN FURY, It’s Only a Paper World JAMES T. BAKER, How Do We Find the Student? LISA DAVIS, Where Do We Stand? MEG GREENFIELD, Why Nothing Is ‘Wrong’ Anymore CHAPTER 37 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST: EXPLAINING LIKENESS AND DIFFERENCE PHILLIP LOPATE, A Nonsmoker and a Smoker *NEAL PEIRCE, Americans: Conservationists or Champion Land Hogs? *DOBRAH TANNEN, Women and Men Talking on the Job AMY TAN, Mother Tongue CHAPTER 38 DEFINITION: IDENTIFYING BASIC CHARACTERISTICS DAVID RAYMOND, On Being 17 *WILLIAM RASPBERRY, The Handicap of Definition BARBARA JORDAN, Becoming Educated *LAURENCE SHAMES, The Sweet Smell of Success Isn’t All That Sweet CHAPTER 39 CAUSE AND EFFECT: EXPLAINING WHY *BARBARA EHRENREICH, Spudding Out *ANNE ROIPHE, Why Marriages Fail NICHOLAS GAGE, The Teacher Who Changed My Life ELISABETH KUBLER-ROSS, The Emotional Quadrant CHAPTER 40 ARGUMENT: CHANGING READERS’ THINKING AND ACTIONS *MIKE ESKENAZI, The New Case for Latin ANDREA SACHS, When the Lullaby Ends *AMITAI ETZIONI, Working at McDonalds RICHARD M. RESTAK, The Other Difference Between Boys and Girls C.S. LEWIS, We Have No ‘Right to Happiness’ CHAPTER 41 SHORT STORIES AND CREATION NARRATIVES Short Stories URSULA HEGI, Doves CHARLES BAXTER, Scheherazade *KATE CHOPIN, Story of an Hour JOHN UPDIKE, Still of Some Use Creation Narratives *PIMA, The Well-Baked Man *GENESIS 1-2:3. From the Torah *GENESIS 1-2:3. From the Bible (KJV) *Selected Verses. From the Koran PART 9, The Handbook: A Brief Guide to Grammar, Mechanics, Punctuation,
and Usage
1. Punctuation2. Capitalization 3. Abbreviations 4. Numbers 5. Grammar and Usage 6. Spelling 7. Glossary of Usage | 
2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education