Biology, Eighth Edition (Raven)

Chapter 20: Genes Within Populations

Learning Outcomes

• Recognize that natural selection is the correct mechanism for explain evolution.
• Understand the importance of and identify sources of genetic variation.
• Know how to solve various problems associated with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
• List the five factors, and state an example of each, that affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and understand how each can produce evolutionary changes in a population experiencing any one of the five.
• Compare and contrast the founder effect and the bottleneck effect.
• Understand the term fitness and all of the considerations that are involved with the concept of fitness.
• Distinguish between positive and negative frequency-dependent selection.
• Comprehend what is meant by “the heterozygote advantage,” and explain the example given in the text.
• Describe and be able to graph the examples of the three kinds of selection.
• Appreciate the limitations of selection