Biology, Eighth Edition (Raven)

Chapter 32: Overview of Animal Diversity

Learning Outcomes

• Understand how the animals are organized and how this organization is different from that of plants, fungi, protists, and prokaryotes.
• Know the five key transitions in body plans.
• Compare and contrast Parazoa and Eumetazoa in terms of evolution, complexity, symmetry, and organization of embryonic cell layers.
• Compare and contrast asymmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry.
• Differentiate among acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate organisms; indicate how they are evolutionarily related and give examples of each.
• Understand the advantages of segmentation; give at least one example of segmentation in each of the coelomate phyla.
• Differentiate between protostomes and deuterostomes.
• Compare the tradition methods using morphology in classification of animals to the new molecular systematics using DNA and RNA analysis to classify related animal groups.
• Review the theories behind the emergence of body plans.
• Understand how Hox genes contributed to body changes.
• Understand what happened during the Cambrian explosion.