Biology, Eighth Edition (Raven)

Chapter 6: Energy and Metabolism

Learning Outcomes

• Differentiate between kinetic and potential energy.
• Describe how oxidation and reduction are interrelated in chemical reactions.
• Understand The First Law of Thermodynamics and its impact on the amount of energy in the universe.
• Understand The Second Law of Thermodynamics and its relation to entropy and enthalpy.
• Explain the energy requirements of endergonic and exergonic reactions.
• Describe the importance of activation energy and how it can be altered.
• Explain the nature of enzymes and multi enzyme complexes, how they affect reactions, and the factors that affect their performance.
• Define competitive inhibition, noncompetitive inhibition, and activation. Know how each relates to the allosteric site.
• Understand the unique catalytic nature of and properties associated with ribozymes.
• Understand the structure of ATP and how it is able to drive biological reactions.
• Describe how a general biochemical pathway evolves over time
• Catabolism is the opposite of anabolism
• The rate of an enzymatic reaction decreases with time as enzyme molecules are used up during the reaction