Chapter 4 Quiz 2

Chapter 4 Quiz 2

Chapter 4 Quiz 2
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1		Which is the major end use of crude oil in the United States at this time?
			A)	lubricants
			B)	jet fuel
			C)	gasoline
			D)	manufacturing plastics


2		Which statement about the water in these two beakers is true?
			A)	Both the average molecular speed and the total heat energy are the same in the water in containers A and B.
			B)	There is the same amount of heat energy present in the water in containers A and B
			C)	The molecules in container A are moving faster on average than the molecules in container B.
			D)	The average molecular speed is the same in the water in containers A and B.


3		Which is a statement about the First Law of Thermodynamics?
			A)	The entropy of the universe is increasing.
			B)	Energy is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
			C)	Heat flows from a warmer object to a cooler object.
			D)	Energy drives both industrial and economic progress.


4		Which line segment in the diagram represents the activation energy for this reaction? A + B ® C + D
			A)	1
			B)	2
			C)	3
			D)	4


5		At which location in this distillation column will kerosene and diesel fuel, C₁₂ - C₁₈ hydrocarbons, be most likely to be collected?
			A)	A
			B)	B
			C)	C
			D)	D


6		What is meant by the term "reformulated gasolines" and why were they developed?
			A)	Reformulated gasolines contain dissolved oxygen gas, and therefore burn more cleanly than regular gasoline.
			B)	Reformulated gasolines contain both octane and isooctane and were developed to improve octane rating.
			C)	Reformulated gasolines contain oxygen-containing compounds and were developed to meet mandates of the Clean Air Act and its amendments.
			D)	Reformulated gasolines contain MTBE as an additive, and were developed to meet water quality mandates in California.


7		Gasohol is a mixture of ethanol and petroleum-based products that can be used as an alternative fuel for cars. Which statements are considered disadvantages for increased use of gasohol? I. Renewable resources, such as corn, can be used to produce ethanol. II. Use of corn for fuel may limit the availability of corn for food. III. Complete combustion of gasohol produces greenhouse gases. IV. Dependence on foreign oil would be reduced.
			A)	I and II only
			B)	II and III only
			C)	I and IV only
			D)	III and IV only


8		Which graph shows an endothermic reaction with curve A being the catalyzed reaction and curve B being the uncatalyzed reaction?
			A)
			B)
			C)
			D)


9		The reaction of ethylene with water vapor is one way to produce ethanol for use as a gasoline additive. Using a bond energy table, estimate the energy change associated with producing one mole of ethanol.
			A)	-94 kJ
			B)	-43 kJ
			C)	+172 kJ
			D)	+313 kJ


10		Which is the same structural isomer as the isomer of hexane shown below? (Hydrogen atoms have been omitted for clarity.)
			A)
			B)
			C)
			D)


11		There are many relevant aspects to the use of gasoline as a commodity. Which statement is correct?
			A)	Gasoline is a mixture of molecules that includes many hydrocarbons.
			B)	"Octane" rating is a misnomer because the molecule octane has a terrible "octane rating."
			C)	Oxygenated additives like ethanol help lower auto emissions and raise the octane rating.
			D)	All of these statements are true.


12		Oil is a valuable source of organic molecules, mostly hydrocarbons. Which statement is false?
			A)	Some of the volatile components are used as feedstocks, sources of other manufactured molecules.
			B)	Oil is refined or distilled into various fractions like gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil.
			C)	Oil can be "cracked," a chemical process different from refining, which is a physical process.
			D)	All of these statements are true; none are false.


13		Consider the single bond energy values: H-H = 436 kJ/mol; C-H = 416 kJ/mol; N-H = 391 kJ/mol; O-H = 467 kJ/mol. For which molecule would the greatest, total amount of energy be required to break the molecule into its component atoms?
			A)	CH₄
			B)	NH₃
			C)	H₂O
			D)	H₂


14		There are many aspects to consider regarding gasoline as a consumer item. Which is *false*?
			A)	Gasoline is a mixture of molecules, containing mostly hydrocarbons.
			B)	Several decades ago, tetraethyl lead was used as a gasoline additive to control engine "knocking."
			C)	Oxygenated additives like ethanol help lower emissions and raise the octane rating.
			D)	None of the answers are false; all are true.

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