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1 | |
The story related in the text about Jessica Dubroff suggests that: |
| | A) | parents need to be sensitive to and encourage the special talents and desires of their children. |
| | B) | parents can subtly guide their children in a way that the parents are able to fulfill their own desires. |
| | C) | children should be allowed to have a well-rounded life. |
| | D) | parents need to restrict their children's activities so children do not injure themselves. |
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2 | |
Piaget believed that ______________ thought appears when the child is about seven years of age. |
| | A) | sensorimotor |
| | B) | preoperational |
| | C) | concrete operational |
| | D) | formal operational |
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3 | |
An important characteristic of concrete operations is that they are: |
| | A) | reversible. |
| | B) | transitive. |
| | C) | sensory. |
| | D) | egocentric. |
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4 | |
Tyrell understands that his father can also be a son and a brother all at the same time. This suggests that Tyrell is in the ______________ stage. |
| | A) | sensorimotor |
| | B) | preoperational |
| | C) | concrete operational |
| | D) | formal operational |
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5 | |
Which of the following is an application of Piaget's ideas to education? |
| | A) | We need to know how children understand the world to teach them effectively. |
| | B) | Children's illogical or distorted ideas about the world make it hard for them to learn. |
| | C) | The pattern of mental development is universal, so one curriculum could be developed and used for all children. |
| | D) | By the third or fourth grade, children are ready for abstract learning. |
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6 | |
Mr. Washington wants to apply Piaget's theory to teaching his fourth-grade class. He would probably incorporate all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | take a constructivist approach. |
| | B) | direct the children's learning. |
| | C) | consider the child's knowledge and level of thinking. |
| | D) | turn the classroom into a setting of exploration and discovery. |
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7 | |
All of the following are criticisms of Piaget's work, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | not all concepts of a cognitive stage develop at the same time. |
| | B) | changing the tasks that measure cognitive development changes skills children can exhibit. |
| | C) | children can be trained to do tasks that they should not be able to do given the cognitive stage they are in. |
| | D) | some of the skills Piaget identified appear much later than he suggested. |
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8 | |
Lamar has extensive expertise in the area of computer technology. Thus we would expect him to have: |
| | A) | organized factual knowledge about computer technology. |
| | B) | organized factual knowledge about a variety of technological topics. |
| | C) | a high IQ. |
| | D) | innate talents with respect to computers. |
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9 | |
The cognitive processes that do not occur automatically but require work and effort are called: |
| | A) | control processes. |
| | B) | strategic methods. |
| | C) | critical thinking skills. |
| | D) | motivation. |
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10 | |
__________________ involves grasping the deeper meaning of ideas, keeping an open mind about different approaches and perspectives, and deciding for oneself what to believe or do. |
| | A) | Reflection |
| | B) | Critical thinking |
| | C) | Use of strategies |
| | D) | Abstract learning |
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11 | |
Mr. Hughes is following the suggestions of Perkins and Tishman (1997) for incorporating critical thinking into his sixth-grade classroom, so we would expect him to incorporate all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | planning and strategy. |
| | B) | intellectual curiosity and carefulness. |
| | C) | memorizing important ideas. |
| | D) | open-mindedness. |
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12 | |
Mrs. Bluhm is following the model of Brown and Campione (Fostering a Community of Learners) to encourage critical thinking in her inner-city fourth-grade class. We would expect her to use all of the following strategies, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | having children teach children. |
| | B) | implementing online computer consultation. |
| | C) | using adults as role models. |
| | D) | using high-school textbooks. |
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13 | |
The standards for teaching mathematics set by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics emphasize that teachers should: |
| | A) | guide students in making sense of math problems. |
| | B) | direct students on how to do math computational drills. |
| | C) | drill students on memorizing addition and multiplication "tables" for fast computation. |
| | D) | teach students the basics of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. |
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14 | |
Aaron is aware of his thinking and understands that he uses certain strategies to help him remember. These skills demonstrate: |
| | A) | memory. |
| | B) | cognition. |
| | C) | metacognition. |
| | D) | abstract reasoning. |
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15 | |
Summarizing and getting the "gist" of what an author is saying are important strategies for: |
| | A) | planning. |
| | B) | writing. |
| | C) | reading. |
| | D) | rereading. |
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16 | |
_________________ is defined as problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences. |
| | A) | Creativity |
| | B) | Intelligence |
| | C) | Metacognition |
| | D) | Wisdom. |
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17 | |
The purpose of the first intelligence test designed by Alfred Binet and Theophile Simon was to: |
| | A) | identify students who should be placed in special classes. |
| | B) | identify gifted students who should be placed in accelerated training programs. |
| | C) | measure intelligence so that future success could be predicted. |
| | D) | form a basic definition of intelligence and find definitive answers to what intelligence is. |
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18 | |
Ashley has a mental age of 13 and a chronological age of 10. Thus her intelligence quotient (IQ) is: |
| | A) | 130. |
| | B) | 100. |
| | C) | 77. |
| | D) | 10. |
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19 | |
Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes all of the following abilities, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | analytical. |
| | B) | creative. |
| | C) | motivational. |
| | D) | practical. |
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20 | |
Indira grew up in poverty and first learned to care for herself and her younger brother by selling newspapers and developing "street smarts." Although she never went to school, she has become successful in business. In terms of Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory, which type(s) of intelligence does Indira have? |
| | A) | analytical |
| | B) | creative |
| | C) | practical |
| | D) | all three factors |
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21 | |
Ariadne is an architect. According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which type of intelligence would Ariadne have? |
| | A) | spatial |
| | B) | mathematical |
| | C) | kinesthetic |
| | D) | naturalist |
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22 | |
Many of the early intelligence tests favored urban, middle-income, White individuals. These tests are considered to be: |
| | A) | culture-fair. |
| | B) | culture-biased. |
| | C) | culturally differentiating. |
| | D) | normative. |
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23 | |
All of the following are potential problems with IQ tests, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | scores on an IQ test can easily lead to stereotypes. |
| | B) | IQ tests might be used as the sole indicator of a person's competence. |
| | C) | there may be problems in interpreting the meaningfulness of the overall IQ score. |
| | D) | IQ tests can be used to predict how well a student might be expected to perform in school. |
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24 | |
Information about the causes of mental retardation suggests that: |
| | A) | the causes are primarily organic. |
| | B) | environment is more important than biology. |
| | C) | most retardation is due to genetic factors. |
| | D) | it can be due to organic causes or to social and cultural causes. |
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25 | |
Ellen Winner (2000) has described three criteria that characterize gifted children. Which of the following is NOT a criterion? |
| | A) | ingenuity |
| | B) | precocity |
| | C) | marching to their own drummer |
| | D) | a passion to master |
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26 | |
Hyun-Joo is asked to come up with as many possible uses of a paper clip as possible. This task requires her to use: |
| | A) | verbal comprehension. |
| | B) | convergent thinking. |
| | C) | divergent thinking. |
| | D) | critical thinking. |
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27 | |
Isaac's parents want to encourage him to become more creative. Which of the following should they AVOID doing? |
| | A) | Encourage Isaac to brainstorm. |
| | B) | Provide Isaac with an environment that stimulates creativity. |
| | C) | Introduce Isaac to creative people. |
| | D) | Encourage Isaac's external motivation. |
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28 | |
Xanath is a normally developing 8-year-old. If you were to ask her to say the first thing that comes to mind when you say the word "dog," she would most likely say: |
| | A) | "black." |
| | B) | "big." |
| | C) | "sit." |
| | D) | "animal." |
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29 | |
Mrs. Kumin believes that in early reading instruction, children should be presented with materials in their complete form, such as stories and poems. Which approach does Mrs. Kumin support? |
| | A) | whole-language |
| | B) | basic-skills-and-phonetics |
| | C) | balanced |
| | D) | classical |
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30 | |
Researchers have found that bilingualism: |
| | A) | has a negative effect on children's cognitive development. |
| | B) | has a positive effect on children's cognitive development. |
| | C) | confuses children in regard to language development. |
| | D) | results in children scoring lower than monolingual children on intelligence tests. |
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31 | |
Aniken has been working on a computer program for the past two months. He wants it to be perfect not only because he wants to win first prize in the upcoming computer fair but also because he enjoys creating on his computer and seeing what he creates being used. Aniken is exhibiting: |
| | A) | intrinsic motivation. |
| | B) | extrinsic motivation. |
| | C) | cognitive monitoring. |
| | D) | divergent thinking. |
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32 | |
Dr. Rosenfield wants to predict the achievement motivation of a group of African-American children with whom she has been working for the past month. Considering the psychological literature, she would use the children's __________________ as a predictor. |
| | A) | mastery orientation |
| | B) | socioeconomic status |
| | C) | race |
| | D) | intelligence test scores |
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33 | |
With respect to achievement, many ethnic minority students (especially those living in poverty) are particularly challenged by all of the following, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | conflict between the values of their group and those of the majority group. |
| | B) | lack of intellectual capacity. |
| | C) | lack of high-achieving adult role models in their cultural group. |
| | D) | racial prejudice. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education