| Analogy | compares or contrasts one unfamiliar concept or object with something that the audience already knows or understands.
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| Anecdote | a brief story.
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| Appropriate audience attention | focuses the audience's thoughts on the topic and purpose of the speech.
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| Attention step | an explicit attempt by the speaker to gain the audience's interest.
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| Brief example | an illustration familiar to the audience, which therefore requires very little detail.
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| Cause and effect speech structure | divides the speech into the causes of some phenomenon and the effects that result from it.
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| Chronological speech structure | organizes a speech around segments or sequences of time.
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| Comparison speech structure | organizes information around distinct points of similarity or difference.
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| Complete sentence outline | uses full sentences, including standard punctuation such as periods, commas, and questions marks, to delineate the speaking information.
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| Credibility | the audience's perception of the speaker's expertise, character, and goodwill.
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| Definition | establishes the meanings of words or concepts.
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| Examples | illustrations or stories that explicate a particular point.
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| Explanation | clarifies some concept or idea by further identifying its source, explaining how it works, or relating it to other concepts.
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| Extended example | a single illustration retold with detail and context.
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| Figurative analogy | compares two or more concepts, objects, people, or places from different classes or categories.
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| Hypothetical example | an illustration that is not real, but imaginary.
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| Internal summary | reviews concepts or ideas to help remind the audience of key points and to move the speech to the next important point.
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| Key word outline | uses only a few important words from each sentence of a complete sentence outline to delineate the speaking information.
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| Literal analogy | compares two concepts, objects, people, or places that are inherently similar to each other.
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| Main points | the most important ideas to be communicated to the audience and those that lead directly to the specific purpose of the speech.
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| Metaphor | a figure of speech that compares two objects, feelings, or concepts.
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| Narrative speech structure | organizes a speech around one or more stories.
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| Outline | a concise synopsis that displays the structure and relationship of speech ideas and concepts.
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| Pithy | clever or noteworthy
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| Problem/solution speech structure | organizes information in a speech around one or more problems and one or more solutions to those problems.
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| Process speech | describes how to make or do something by listing the essential steps of the process in time order from the earliest to the latest.
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| Signpost | tell an audience where they are and where they are going in a speech.
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| Spatial speech structure | organizes a speech around familiar relationships in the environment, such as near and far, up and down, right and left, or east and west.
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| Statistics | numerical representations used to quantify ideas or concepts.
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| Subpoints | ideas that amplify or develop the main points.
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| Subsidiary | secondary or lesser importance.
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| Topic outline | uses brief phrases to summarize the major points of a presentation.
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| Topical speech structure | organizes a speech around types or categories.
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| Transitions | verbal bridges that move the speech from one point or idea to the next.
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| Testimony | stated opinion in support of an idea.
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