| Ad hoc groups | temporary groups created for the purpose of making a specific decision or solving a unique problem.
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| Agenda | a written guide that lists the order of tasks to be accomplished and topics to be discussed by the group.
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| Alienation | to be unfriendly or hostile-to isolate someone from the group.
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| Authoritarian leadership | the leader of the group makes all decisions for the group.
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| Cohesion | a sense of attachment, solidarity, and camaraderie that binds a group together.
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| Collectivism | emphasis on the importance of group obligations, needs, and identity.
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| Democratic leadership | The leader of the group allows all members to participate fully in the decision making process.
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| Despotic | a cruel and repressive leader.
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| Discrete | separate and distinct.
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| Disruptive roles | satisfy member's needs at the expense of the group.
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| Dogmatic | rigid and inflexible.
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| Femininity | a emphasis on interdependence, quality of life, and variability in the roles that females and males are expected to perform.
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| Group charge | the overall or main objective of the group.
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| Group norms | expectations, established through interaction, about how members should behave.
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| Group synergy | group members combine their abilities to produce an outcome greater than the sum of their individual abilities.
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| Individualism | emphasis on the importance of individual rights over group rights, individual needs over group needs, and individual identity over group identity.
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| Interim | an intervening or temporary step
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| Maintenance roles | serve to build relationships within the group and to create a sense of teamwork.
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| Masculinity | emphasis on power, assertiveness, independence, materialism, and rigid distinctions between expectations of males and females.
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| Laissez-faire leadership | the leader of the group gives minimal guidance and allows group members work with little or no structure.
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| Leadership | the process of exerting positive influence over other group members.
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| Power distance | the relative value that cultures place on status and power in relationships.
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| Problem-solving agenda (PSA) | a standard approach to group problem solving that maximizes critical thinking while minimizing rash or impulsive decisions.
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| Recrimination | to seek revenge or punishment.
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| Small group | a limited number of individuals who communicate interdependently to achieve a common goal.
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| Standing group | a group that has a broad mandate and works continuously on a variety of related problems.
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| Synchronize | to coordinate activities and behaviors.
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| Tangential | off the subject and unrelated to the main discussion.
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| Task roles | facilitate the group goal or purpose.
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| Task-avoidance | engaging in excessive socialization to postpone or forestall working on the group project.
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| Uncertainty avoidance | the degree of uncertainty tolerated by members of a culture or group.
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