The following practice exam should help you as you study the key terms and ideas presented in Chapter 17.

1			____________ is a preadjudication disposition.
			A)	Diversion
			B)	Probation
			C)	Parole
			D)	Community-based correction
2			Many social scientists argue in favor of diversion programs because
			A)	they reduce court backlog.
			B)	they reduce the costs of criminal processing.
			C)	although the purpose of the criminal justice process is to protect society, it often contributes to the very behavior it is trying to eliminate.
			D)	all of the above.
3			Probation is
			A)	a sentence.
			B)	a status.
			C)	a process.
			D)	all of the above.
4			Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding presentence investigation reports?
			A)	There is a high correlation between a probation officer's recommendation and the judge's sentence.
			B)	They generally include the characteristics of the offender, an evaluative summary, and a recommendation.
			C)	They are fairly standard in their depth and content in jurisdictions across the United States.
			D)	all of the above.
5			Recent court decisions have affirmed the correctness of such conditions of probation as
			A)	that the probationer must abstain from the use of alcohol.
			B)	that the probationer must make payment of restitution.
			C)	that the probationer must attend a drug treatment program.
			D)	all of the above.
6			Restitution has been criticized on the grounds that
			A)	payments go to the victim rather than the state.
			B)	it can be a punitive sanction rather than a rehabilitative one.
			C)	it increases the cost of judicial processing.
			D)	it serves no useful purpose.
7			The immediate result of a probation violation is
			A)	revocation of probation.
			B)	a sentence of imprisonment.
			C)	a decision by the probation officer as to whether the probationer should be cited for violation.
			D)	a violation hearing.
8			In ____________ it was held that a probationer had a constitutional right to counsel at any revocation proceeding where the imposition of sentence had been suspended but would be enjoined following revocation.
			A)	Mempa v. Rhay
			B)	Menechino v. Oswald
			C)	Kramer v. Kramer
			D)	Morrissey v. Brewer
9			The decision in Morrissey v. Brewer dealt with
			A)	the right to counsel at probation revocation hearings.
			B)	due process requirements at parole revocation hearings.
			C)	the content of preparole reports as they affected paroling decisions.
			D)	probation officers' recommendation regarding revocation.
10			Parole selection decisions are usually based on
			A)	common sense and intuition.
			B)	educated guess and hunch.
			C)	scientific prediction methods.
			D)	all of the above.
11			A parolee's "date of delinquency" refers to
			A)	the date of arrest on the original charge.
			B)	the date of sentence on the original charge.
			C)	the date of release on parole.
			D)	the point at which the violation occurred.
12			The least effective of the community-based correctional programs is
			A)	probation.
			B)	furlough.
			C)	the halfway house.
			D)	a, b, and c above all have their problems and it would be difficult to tell.
13			In Greenholtz v. Inmates of Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed previous decisions that
			A)	prisoners should be paroled when it is believed that their behavior will not be incompatible with the welfare of the community.
			B)	parole hearings need not have all the elements of due process as required at criminal trials.
			C)	parolees do not have "present private interests" that require protection.
			D)	probation revocation must not be a capricious decision based on age, sex, or racial or religious biases.
14			The decision to grant parole is made by
			A)	parole officers.
			B)	county parole boards.
			C)	state or federal parole boards.
			D)	the sentencing court.
15			In parole jargon, ____________ refers to time served on the street after date of parole violation.
			A)	"street time"
			B)	"delinquent time"
			C)	"bad time"
			D)	"dead time"