The following practice exam will help you review the key terms, concepts, and ideas discussed in this chapter.

1			Structurally, law enforcement in the United States has the characteristic of
			A)	centralization.
			B)	decentralization.
			C)	interdependency.
			D)	nationalization.
2			Under the mutual pledge system of policing, ____________ were ten families grouped together who had responsibility for the acts of their members.
			A)	hundreds
			B)	shires
			C)	sheriffs
			D)	tithings
3			____________ can be credited with laying the foundation for the first modern police force.
			A)	Sir Robert Peel
			B)	Henry Fielding
			C)	John Fielding
			D)	Patrick Colquhoun
4			The first organized force ever used in England against criminals was known as
			A)	the Bow Street Runners.
			B)	the Hyde Park Police.
			C)	the "Peelers".
			D)	the London Bobbies.
5			West of the Mississippi, the first formal law enforcement agents to appear were
			A)	sheriffs.
			B)	town marshals.
			C)	federal marshals.
			D)	the Texas Rangers.
6			The posse comitatus
			A)	consisted of all the able-bodied men in a county.
			B)	was organized as a corps to protect the settlers from the Indians.
			C)	was the name given to juries in barroom justice.
			D)	was a confederation of private police agencies.
7			The Bow Street Runners
			A)	were the creation of Henry Fielding.
			B)	were paid as thief-takers.
			C)	laid the foundation for the modern police.
			D)	all of the above.
8			The Texas Rangers
			A)	were the first state police body in America.
			B)	were a fighting force in the Texas Revolution.
			C)	were created to protect settlers from Indians.
			D)	all of the above.
9			The first metropolitan police force in Europe appeared in
			A)	Paris.
			B)	Rome.
			C)	London.
			D)	Brussels.
10			The Department of Homeland Security includes all of the agencies below except
			A)	Customs and Border Protection.
			B)	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration.
			C)	Coast Guard.
			D)	Federal Bureau of Investigation.
11			Interpol functions as
			A)	an investigative body.
			B)	a data depository.
			C)	an enforcement body.
			D)	a division of the Department of Justice.
12			State police agencies emerged in response to
			A)	federal efforts to create a national police force.
			B)	the inability of the U.S. courts to enforce their powers.
			C)	the weaknesses in the sheriff system and the more global nature of crime.
			D)	the unwillingness of the federal agencies to patrol state lands.
13			Which of the following represents the most critical problem for private police agencies?
			A)	the strict controls placed on them by state legislatures
			B)	the high cost of salaries and equipment
			C)	the strict limits placed on their authority
			D)	the inadequate training of their employees
14			The vigilante tradition refers to
			A)	the neighborhood watch groups in urban communities.
			B)	the organized and extralegal movements of persons who take the law into their own hands.
			C)	the frontier lynch mobs who disagreed with courtroom justice.
			D)	any of the above.
15			Auxiliary police reserves
			A)	are uniformed, paid civilians under the supervision of local police.
			B)	are armed and uniformed groups with powers similar to those of full-time officers.
			C)	are unarmed but have formal enforcement powers.
			D)	do not have the power to arrest.
16			Congress opposed the creation of the FBI because
			A)	it seemed too expensive.
			B)	there were already too many law enforcement agencies at the federal level.
			C)	it feared that a "secret police" would be created.
			D)	all of the above.
17			Modern police agencies in the U.S.
			A)	have fixed, exclusive jurisdictions.
			B)	frequently have overlapping jurisdictions, often leading to disputes between agencies.
			C)	are coordinated by the federal government.
			D)	all have the same level of authority to enforce the law.
18			The majority of law enforcement and peacekeeping activity is provided by
			A)	sheriffs.
			B)	federal agencies.
			C)	state police agencies.
			D)	county and municipal authority.
19			The ____________ is a joint federal, state and local law enforcement initiative against high-level drug trafficking organizations.
			A)	FBI-FEA-ATF coalition
			B)	South Florida Crack Task Force
			C)	Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force Program
			D)	High Intensity Anti-Crime Unit
20			The high crime rates in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, have been attributed to
			A)	a high index of poverty.
			B)	a lack of funding for law enforcement activities.
			C)	escalating levels of drug use and trafficking.
			D)	choices a and c above.
			E)	none of the above.