Group hate is a prevailing problem. Communication competence is central to our attitude about groups. Those who have little communication training typically find the group experience daunting and frustrating. Those who learn to communicate competently typically find the group experience far more positive.

Many benefits can be derived from working effectively in groups. Members can pool information and knowledge to produce better decisions. Groups can tackle broad-range, complex problems that would overwhelm a person working alone. Groups can empower members and produce synergy. The main disadvantages of groups—factionalism, scheduling conflicts, negative synergy, social loafing, and wasted time in meetings—are all correctable once there is an appreciation and understanding of how effective groups function.

The structure of small groups is composed primarily of norms and roles. Norms are rules that govern the behavior of group members. Roles are patterns of behavior that group members are expected to exhibit. The leader role is central to group structure. Playing the role of leader, however, does not equate with effective leadership. Effective leadership is not a person; it is a transactional process. Effective leadership requires competent communication. Leaders should be sensitive to the changing needs and situations within the group, assume the appropriate style for a given situation, and resist displays of competitive, defensive communication when dealing with group members.