Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 13.2

1			The _____ system includes the glands that release their secretions directly into the blood.
			A)	exocrine
			B)	endocrine
			C)	circulatory
			D)	excretory

Learning Outcome 13.2

2			Which of the following glands does NOT belong to the endocrine system?
			A)	pituitary
			B)	thyroid
			C)	parathyroid
			D)	salivary

Learning Outcome 13.1

3			Which of the following is NOT a chemical class of hormones?
			A)	protein
			B)	steroid
			C)	glycoprotein
			D)	carbohydrate

Learning Outcome 13.6

4			Which of these is NOT a steroid?
			A)	adrenalin
			B)	cholesterol
			C)	progesterone
			D)	cortisone

Learning Outcome 13.5

5			Which factor is a direct cause of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms?
			A)	prostaglandin
			B)	cortisone
			C)	cortisol
			D)	arachidonic acid

Learning Outcome 13.5

6			Which of the following is NOT a property of prostaglandins?
			A)	regulate blood pressure
			B)	effect reproductive functions
			C)	influence kidney Na+ movement
			D)	All of these are functions.

Learning Outcome 13.6

7			Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition?
			A)	Insulin lowers blood sugar.
			B)	GH causes osteoblast division.
			C)	PTH raises blood calcium levels.
			D)	Low blood sugar inhibits insulin.

Learning Outcome 13.9

8			Releasing hormones are produced by the _____.
			A)	hypothalamus
			B)	pituitary
			C)	thyroid
			D)	adrenal cortex

Learning Outcome 13.9

9			Which hormone controls the ability to produce milk?
			A)	ACTH
			B)	PRL
			C)	FSH
			D)	melanocyte

Learning Outcome 13.10

10			Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperthyroidism?
			A)	loss of weight
			B)	protruding eyes
			C)	increased heart rate
			D)	increased ability to sleep

Learning Outcome 13.10

11			Graves's disease can cause all of these EXCEPT which one?
			A)	exophthalmos
			B)	a positive autoimmune test
			C)	general edema
			D)	intolerance to heat

Learning Outcome 13.10

12			Which gland is assessed by the use of radioactive iodine?
			A)	parathyroid
			B)	thyroid
			C)	ovary
			D)	pituitary

Learning Outcome 13.10

13			The ______ directly antagonizes the effect of calcitonin.
			A)	thyroxine
			B)	parathormone
			C)	insulin
			D)	glucocorticoid

Learning Outcome 13.10

14			What is the most active form of vitamin D?
			A)	7-dehydrocholesterol
			B)	hydroxycholecalciferol
			C)	cholecalciferol
			D)	dihydroxycholecalciferol

Learning Outcome 13.10

15			What is the final factor in the synthesis of the active form of vitamin D?
			A)	kidney function
			B)	the diet
			C)	intestinal conversion
			D)	sunlight on the skin

Learning Outcome 13.9

16			The _____ gland is important for producing immunity.
			A)	thyroid
			B)	pituitary
			C)	thymus
			D)	pancreas

Learning Outcome 13.9

17			Which gland produces a hormone, which stimulates the production of blood cells?
			A)	kidney
			B)	heart
			C)	liver
			D)	pancreas

Learning Outcome 13.13

18			In the general stress syndrome, all of the following are increased EXCEPT which one?
			A)	blood sugar
			B)	heart rate
			C)	blood pressure
			D)	digestion

Learning Outcome 13.6

19			Choose the statement about steroid hormones that is incorrect.
			A)	Steroids are lipids with complex ring structures.
			B)	Steroids can pass through their target cell membrane and interact with receptors in the nucleus.
			C)	Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response.
			D)	The estrogens and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones.

Learning Outcome 13.2

20			Prostaglandins are ___________ substances that regulate neighboring cells.
			A)	endocrine
			B)	paracrine
			C)	eccrine
			D)	glycoprotein

Learning Outcome 13.4

21			Which of the following is the precursor that will result in the synthesis of the others?
			A)	testosterone
			B)	cholesterol
			C)	vitamin D
			D)	estrogen

Learning Outcome 13.5

22			Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	amine
			B)	epinephrine
			C)	cortisone
			D)	norepinephrine

Learning Outcome 13.9

23			Which of these is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary?
			A)	ACTH
			B)	follicle-stimulating hormone
			C)	somatostatin
			D)	somatotropin

Learning Outcome 13.9

24			Which of the following is NOT a pancreatic hormone?
			A)	glucagon
			B)	aldosterone
			C)	insulin
			D)	somatostatin

Learning Outcome 13.10

25			Which of these compounds is produced first?
			A)	cAMP
			B)	protein kinases
			C)	adenylate cyclase
			D)	ATP

Learning Outcome 13.11

26			Which factor inactivates and decreases the levels of cAMP?
			A)	adenylate cyclase
			B)	phosphodiesterase
			C)	ATP conversion to ADP
			D)	protein kinases

Learning Outcome 13.11

27			Which of the following does NOT employ cAMP second messengers?
			A)	cortisol
			B)	TSH
			C)	FSH
			D)	parathormone

Learning Outcome 13.1

28			Which of the following is NOT a hormone function?
			A)	increase cellular oxygen consumption
			B)	cause osteoblasts to divide
			C)	convert fibroblasts to osteoblasts
			D)	alter genetic expression

Learning Outcome 13.6

29			Prostaglandins are _____ that affect various functions.
			A)	proteins
			B)	carbohydrates
			C)	nucleotides
			D)	lipids

Learning Outcome 13.5

30			The precursor molecule that produces all of the prostaglandins is _____.
			A)	cholesterol
			B)	glycoprotein
			C)	phospholipid
			D)	arachidonic acid

Learning Outcome 13.9

31			What are releasing hormones from the hypothalamus secreted into?
			A)	posterior pituitary
			B)	hypothalamus
			C)	hypophyseal portal veins
			D)	anterior pituitary arteries

Learning Outcome 13.9

32			Which part of the endocrine system has the major influence over other endocrine organs?
			A)	posterior pituitary
			B)	thyroid gland
			C)	hypothalamus
			D)	ovary and testis

Learning Outcome 13.9

33			Which of the following is an incorrect association?
			A)	somatotropes; GH
			B)	thyrotropes; thyroxine
			C)	mammatropes; PRL
			D)	gonadotropes; GnRH

Learning Outcome 13.10

34			Which of the following directly stimulates mitosis?
			A)	insulin
			B)	somatotropin
			C)	corticotropin
			D)	growth hormone releasing hormone

Learning Outcome 13.10

35			Which of these will decrease the release of growth hormone?
			A)	high protein diet
			B)	GRH
			C)	low SS levels
			D)	poor nutrition

Learning Outcome 13.10

36			The cartilage of bones is stimulated by ______.
			A)	GH
			B)	insulin
			C)	insulin-like growth factor-1
			D)	somatostatin

Learning Outcome 13.10

37			The condition called _____ occurs in adulthood and is evidenced by thickened skull bones and distortions in the arms and hands.
			A)	dwarfism
			B)	giantism
			C)	myxedema
			D)	acromegaly

Learning Outcome 13.10

38			Which hormone can cause sterility in a male?
			A)	testosterone
			B)	prolactin
			C)	LH
			D)	ICSH

Learning Outcome 13.9

39			The hormone _____ causes the breast to increase its synthesis of milk.
			A)	PRL
			B)	oxytocin
			C)	PRF
			D)	PIF

Learning Outcome 13.9

40			Which of the following is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary?
			A)	ACTH
			B)	FSH
			C)	ICSH
			D)	GnRH

Learning Outcome 13.5

41			Oxytocin is most closely related chemically to _____.
			A)	antidiuretic hormone
			B)	prolactin
			C)	follicle stimulating hormone
			D)	luteinizing hormone

Learning Outcome 13.10

42			ADH has the ability to increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and is therefore also called _____.
			A)	oxytocin
			B)	vasopressin
			C)	angiotensin
			D)	adrenocorticotropin

Learning Outcome 13.9

43			Which hormone plays the greatest role in the contractions that occur in the uterus during labor?
			A)	ADH
			B)	estrogen
			C)	oxytocin
			D)	prostaglandin

Learning Outcome 13.9

44			Which hormone is most closely involved with ovulation?
			A)	prolactin
			B)	LH
			C)	FSH
			D)	estrogen

Learning Outcome 13.9

45			The ovary and _____ contain spherical collections of cells referred to as follicles.
			A)	pituitary
			B)	testis
			C)	thyroid
			D)	pancreas

Learning Outcome 13.10

46			Which hormone exerts the greatest influence on metabolism?
			A)	thyroxine
			B)	cortisone
			C)	insulin
			D)	parathormone

Learning Outcome 13.9

47			Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	calcium
			B)	thyroxine
			C)	iodine
			D)	tyrosine

Learning Outcome 13.9

48			Which of the following is NOT true of thyroxine?
			A)	needed for normal mental growth
			B)	increases carbohydrate utilization
			C)	decreases lipid synthesis
			D)	decreases protein synthesis

Learning Outcome 13.10

49			Which of the following have the most potent effect on increasing metabolic rate?
			A)	thyroxine
			B)	thyroglobulin
			C)	triiodothyronine
			D)	alpha globulin

Learning Outcome 13.10

50			Which of the following is NOT consistent with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism?
			A)	fatigue
			B)	weakened bones
			C)	muscle cramps
			D)	increased blood calcium

Learning Outcome 13.14

51			Osteoporosis most likely results from _____.
			A)	a deficiency of dietary calcium
			B)	increased calcitonin levels
			C)	increased PTH secretion
			D)	osteitis fibrosa

Learning Outcome 13.9

52			Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of hormone synthesis in the adrenal medulla?
			A)	tyrosine
			B)	dopamine
			C)	epinephrine
			D)	norepinephrine

Learning Outcome 13.9

53			Which of the following is NOT true of aldosterone?
			A)	secreted from the zona glomerulosa
			B)	decreases blood Na+ levels
			C)	stimulated by angiotensin II
			D)	raises blood volume

Learning Outcome 13.11

54			Which of the following is the factor that initiates the other steps?
			A)	renin
			B)	angiotensin I
			C)	angiotensin-converting enzyme
			D)	aldosterone

Learning Outcome 13.9

55			Which of these is NOT true of cortisol?
			A)	stimulates gluconeogenesis
			B)	decreases blood glucose
			C)	decreases protein synthesis
			D)	stimulated by ACTH

Learning Outcome 13.10

56			The following relate to Cushing's syndrome EXCEPT which one?
			A)	moon face and buffalo hump
			B)	under-secretion of ACTH
			C)	over-secretion of ACTH
			D)	hyperglycemia

Learning Outcome 13.10

57			The following are true of insulin EXCEPT which one?
			A)	can cause hypoglycemia
			B)	can cause hyperglycemia
			C)	produced in the islets of Langerhans
			D)	antagonized by glucagon

Learning Outcome 13.14

58			In NIDDM, the patient is usually over forty and has normal levels of _____.
			A)	insulin
			B)	glucagon
			C)	blood lipids
			D)	somatostatin

Learning Outcome 13.9

59			The hormone melatonin is secreted from the _____ gland.
			A)	pituitary
			B)	pineal
			C)	thyroid
			D)	thymus

Learning Outcome 13.9

60			Cyclic AMP functions as a(n) _______________ for _______________ hormones.
			A)	binding site; nonsteroid
			B)	membrane receptor; steroid
			C)	activity site; G protein
			D)	second messenger; nonsteroid

Learning Outcome 13.7

61			Which of these is NOT a method the body uses to regulate its hormonal releases?
			A)	negative feedback
			B)	direct nervous stimulation
			C)	release of tropic hormones
			D)	degradation of the endocrine gland

Learning Outcome 13.9

62			Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?
			A)	in neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus
			B)	in the posterior pituitary
			C)	in the anterior pituitary
			D)	in the brain stem

Learning Outcome 13.9

63			Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in response to stress?
			A)	thyroid-stimulating hormone
			B)	adrenocorticotropic hormone
			C)	luteinizing hormone
			D)	prolactin

Learning Outcome 13.10

64			Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot days is not safe because alcohol inhibits the release of ____________ which normally helps to conserve water during dehydration.
			A)	antidiuretic hormone
			B)	oxytocin
			C)	thyroxine
			D)	triiodothyronine

Learning Outcome 13.10

65			Hypothyroidism in infants can result in _______________.
			A)	Grave's disease
			B)	cretinism
			C)	Hashimoto's disease
			D)	myxedema

Learning Outcome 13.9

66			Sex hormones are secreted by ________________.
			A)	all endocrine tissues of the body
			B)	the inner cortex of the adrenal gland
			C)	the inner cortex of the adrenal gland and the gonads
			D)	the gonads

Learning Outcome 13.9

67			In the pancreas, ______________ cells secrete insulin, which ____________ blood levels of glucose.
			A)	delta; raises
			B)	alpha; lowers
			C)	beta; raises
			D)	beta; lowers

Learning Outcome 13.10

68			What seems to be the cause of juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)?
			A)	The receptors on the target cells become no longer responsive to insulin.
			B)	Immune cells attack the pancreas that can then no longer produce insulin.
			C)	The individual consumes too much sugar, which causes an overload in the bloodstream.
			D)	Obesity seems to be the most common cause of IDDM.

Learning Outcome 13.10

69			The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythm is the ______________ gland.
			A)	thymus
			B)	pineal
			C)	parathyroid
			D)	pituitary

Learning Outcome 13.2

70			Which of these is NOT an endocrine property?
			A)	hormones reach targets through the blood
			B)	effects are slow and cyclic
			C)	rapid acting effects
			D)	effects caused by chemicals

Learning Outcome 13.6

71			Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	protein
			B)	peptide
			C)	amino acid
			D)	steroid

Learning Outcome 13.1

72			In the "second messenger" theory, which is the first messenger?
			A)	cAMP
			B)	hormone
			C)	enzyme
			D)	receptor

Learning Outcome 13.2

73			Which of these is NOT an endocrine gland?
			A)	pancreas
			B)	testes
			C)	salivary gland
			D)	parathyroid

Learning Outcome 13.11

74			Which is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
			A)	affect heart rate
			B)	control temperature
			C)	affect water balance
			D)	secrete FSH

Learning Outcome 13.9

75			Which of these hormones is released into the blood from the posterior pituitary?
			A)	FSH
			B)	LH
			C)	ACTH
			D)	ADH

Learning Outcome 13.9

76			The hormone _____ causes the contractions of labor.
			A)	prolactin
			B)	estrogen
			C)	oxytocin
			D)	progesterone

Learning Outcome 13.10

77			Which hormone causes excessive skeletal growth or giantism?
			A)	somatotropin
			B)	testosterone
			C)	insulin
			D)	somatostatin

Learning Outcome 13.6

78			Non-steroid hormones are called second messengers because they influence the binding site first and then the activity site second.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.5

79			Various protein kinases are enzymes that stimulate cells to increase their metabolic activities.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.5

80			Cyclic guanosine monophosphate is an enzyme which causes the target effects seen with some hormones.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.5

81			Prostaglandins are considered hormones, which are stored within cells and released on demand.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.4

82			Prostaglandins are known to cause the smooth muscle of the uterus or intestines to contract.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.10

83			The levels of insulin in the blood are maintained at constant, stable, homeostatic levels.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.9

84			The pituitary and adrenal gland can be controlled by the direct influence of the nervous system.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.9

85			The pituitary is located within the sella turcica of the ethmoid bone, and is attached to the thalamus by the infundibulum.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.10

86			As blood levels of thyroid hormones increase, the secretions of TRH and TSH are reduced.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.10

87			Alcohol is known to be a potent anti-antidiuretic.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.8

88			The hypothalamus of the brain has osmoreceptors, which are sensitive to changes in blood concentration.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.10

89			Diabetes insipidus is a condition that results in edema and swelling because of an excess of ADH.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.10

90			Cretinism is a condition of physical and mental retardation that is the result of a deficiency of thyroxine.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.9

91			It is possible to have high levels of TSH but a decrease in the levels of thyroxine.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.9

92			Thyroxine production can be increased by TSH or antibodies.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.8

93			A pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal cortex which raises blood pressure.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.9

94			Male sex hormones can be produced by the testes or adrenal glands.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.10

95			Cortisone can either cause or inhibit inflammation.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.9

96			The pancreas is an endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes insulin from the alpha cells.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.10

97			Cancer cells can produce hormones that affect blood sugar and blood calcium levels.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.3

98			The cells that are stimulated by hormones are referred to as its receptors.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.3

99			An organ can belong to the digestive and endocrine systems simultaneously.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.8

100			Circadian rhythms are those that involve fluctuations that usually last several days.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.1

101			It is possible to find all the hormones in a blood sample taken from the arm.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.6

102			Steroids exert their effects by increasing the amount of cAMP in the target cells.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.4

103			Hormones do NOT stimulate all cell types with equal probability.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.9

104			All hormones secreted by the pituitary actually came from the hypothalamus.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.10

105			Diabetes insipidus results from an excess production of ADH.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 13.7

106			High levels of TSH would suppress thyroxine by negative feedback.
			A)	True
			B)	False