Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 16.2

1			The _____ vessel drains the arm.
			A)	intercostal trunk
			B)	bronchomediastinal
			C)	subclavian trunk
			D)	jugular trunk

Learning Outcome 16.2

2			The lymphatic ducts will empty directly into the _____.
			A)	heart
			B)	subclavian veins
			C)	thoracic veins
			D)	brachiocephalic veins

Learning Outcome 16.4

3			What is one major force that causes interstitial fluid to enter lymphatic capillaries?
			A)	blood osmotic pressure
			B)	blood hydrostatic pressure
			C)	tissue osmotic pressure
			D)	tissue hydrostatic pressure

Learning Outcome 16.4

4			The main activity that causes fluid to flow through lymphatic vessels is _____.
			A)	muscle contraction
			B)	hydrostatic pressure
			C)	osmotic pressure
			D)	blood pressure

Learning Outcome 16.7

5			The white pulp of the spleen functions to _____.
			A)	produce lymphocytes
			B)	remove foreign particles
			C)	store blood
			D)	phagocytize bacteria

Learning Outcome 16.4

6			An infection results when pathogens _____.
			A)	enter a tissue area
			B)	enter the blood
			C)	grow and multiply
			D)	grow and cause damage

Learning Outcome 16.8

7			The fact that humans usually cannot contract monkey pneumonia is explained by the theory of _____.
			A)	mechanical barriers
			B)	enzyme action
			C)	interferon
			D)	species resistance

Learning Outcome 16.9

8			A nonspecific class of chemicals that can inhibit viruses and cancer cell growth is _____.
			A)	antibodies
			B)	peptides
			C)	interferon
			D)	antigens

Learning Outcome 16.9

9			Which of the following is NOT an enzyme capable of destroying foreign bacteria?
			A)	pepsin
			B)	fibrin
			C)	lysozyme
			D)	lipase

Learning Outcome 16.11

10			Which is the most common immunoglobulin for allergies?
			A)	IgA
			B)	IgE
			C)	IgD
			D)	IgG

Learning Outcome 16.14

11			Erythrocytes clump together because of a _____ process.
			A)	clotting
			B)	agglutination
			C)	complement
			D)	precipitin

Learning Outcome 16.11

12			Which of the following processes can be initiated by any type of antibody fixation?
			A)	complement
			B)	neutralization
			C)	lysis phenomena
			D)	antibodies

Learning Outcome 16.12

13			The process which increases the chance of a neutrophil or monocyte engulfing an invader is _____.
			A)	phagocytosis
			B)	neutralization
			C)	complement fixation
			D)	opsonization

Learning Outcome 16.10

14			Tumors are most likely inactivated by _____ cells.
			A)	B
			B)	helper T
			C)	cytotoxic T
			D)	suppressor T

Learning Outcome 16.12

15			The increase in antibody levels in a second antigen exposure is due to the _____.
			A)	memory B cell
			B)	T cells
			C)	helper T cells
			D)	B clones

Learning Outcome 16.5

16			Which of these is NOT a function of lymph nodes?
			A)	house lymphocytes and macrophages
			B)	filter lymph
			C)	produce red blood cells
			D)	produce lymphocytes

Learning Outcome 16.7

17			What is the role of the thymus in protecting the body against disease?
			A)	It houses decaying lymphocytes, recycling the nutrients within them.
			B)	It is the site of maturation of T lymphocytes and the production of thymosin.
			C)	It is the site of production and maturation of B lymphocytes.
			D)	Macrophages and monocytes are produced here and migrate to other tissues of the body.

Learning Outcome 16.7

18			Select the statement that is true about the spleen.
			A)	The spleen filters the lymph much the same way the lymph nodes filter the blood.
			B)	The spleen harbors eosinophils waiting for parasites to attack the body.
			C)	The spleen is the major site of red and white blood cell production in the adult.
			D)	The spleen filters the blood much the same way the lymph nodes filter the lymph.

Learning Outcome 16.8

19			Which of these is NOT a nonspecific defense against disease?
			A)	species resistance
			B)	phagocytosis
			C)	interferon
			D)	hair color and texture

Learning Outcome 16.10

20			Where are B lymphocytes believed to mature in adult humans?
			A)	Bursa of Fabricus
			B)	bone marrow
			C)	compact bone
			D)	liver

Learning Outcome 16.6

21			What would happen if the pectoral lymph nodes were removed during a surgical procedure?
			A)	cancer would develop in the area
			B)	infections would spread
			C)	the area would dehydrate
			D)	edema would develop distally

Learning Outcome 16.4

22			What is the main cause of edema following damage to an area of lymphatic vessels?
			A)	increase in tissue proteins
			B)	loss of tissue proteins
			C)	increase in blood osmotic pressure
			D)	increase in tissue osmotic pressure

Learning Outcome 16.2

23			An efferent lymphatic vessel is carrying fluid _____.
			A)	away from the heart
			B)	towards the lymph node
			C)	out of an area
			D)	away from a node

Learning Outcome 16.6

24			Which of the following is NOT an area that contains lymph nodes?
			A)	abdominal cavity
			B)	cranial cavity
			C)	thoracic cavity
			D)	axillary region

Learning Outcome 16.6

25			Which of these nodes cannot be directly palpated?
			A)	inguinal
			B)	axillary
			C)	cubital
			D)	mesenteric

Learning Outcome 16.2

26			The breast tissue fluid will drain into the _____ nodes.
			A)	inguinal
			B)	pelvic
			C)	axillary
			D)	cervical

Learning Outcome 16.6

27			What is the largest lymphatic organ in a child?
			A)	spleen
			B)	adenoids
			C)	thymus
			D)	appendix

Learning Outcome 16.7

28			Where is the thymus gland located?
			A)	mediastinum
			B)	pleural cavity
			C)	abdominal cavity
			D)	superior to the pelvic nodes

Learning Outcome 16.7

29			The cells within the thymus gland probably originated from the _____.
			A)	spleen
			B)	liver
			C)	bone marrow
			D)	Peyer's patches

Learning Outcome 16.7

30			The red pulp of the spleen functions to _____.
			A)	produce erythrocytes
			B)	produce lymphocytes
			C)	phagocytize senescent cells
			D)	produce B-cells

Learning Outcome 16.9

31			The following are symptoms of inflammation except which one?
			A)	edema
			B)	hyperemia
			C)	exudate
			D)	dehydration

Learning Outcome 16.9

32			Which inflammatory response provides the greatest protection from the spread of pathogens?
			A)	antibody production
			B)	increase in leukocytes
			C)	fibroblast activity
			D)	redness and edema

Learning Outcome 16.9

33			The major pathologic feature of inflammation is _____.
			A)	fibroblast activity
			B)	capillary permeability
			C)	increase in blood
			D)	loss of function

Learning Outcome 16.9

34			What is the main inflammatory blood cell?
			A)	monocyte
			B)	neutrophil
			C)	lymphocyte
			D)	eosinophil

Learning Outcome 16.9

35			Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	monocytes
			B)	neutrophils
			C)	macrophage
			D)	histiocytes

Learning Outcome 16.10

36			Which of the following is a specific immune defense?
			A)	antibody
			B)	interferon
			C)	phagocytosis
			D)	all of these

Learning Outcome 16.10

37			Thymus derived lymphocytes comprise about _____% of the circulating lymphocytes.
			A)	99
			B)	10
			C)	50
			D)	75

Learning Outcome 16.10

38			Where is the greatest number of B cells found?
			A)	lymph node
			B)	circulating blood
			C)	bone marrow
			D)	lymph vessel

Learning Outcome 16.10

39			Antigens are foreign substances recognized by _____.
			A)	macrophages
			B)	T cells
			C)	B cells
			D)	all of these

Learning Outcome 16.8

40			Which of the following could NOT be antigenic by themselves?
			A)	protein
			B)	polysaccharides
			C)	haptens
			D)	glycolipids

Learning Outcome 16.10

41			Which of the following activates the cytotoxic T cells?
			A)	interferon
			B)	interleukin-1
			C)	interleukin-2
			D)	interleukin-4

Learning Outcome 16.10

42			Which factor stimulates B cell proliferation?
			A)	interleukin-1
			B)	interleukin-2
			C)	gamma-interferon
			D)	CSF

Learning Outcome 16.10

43			Which factor activates phagocytosis by monocytes?
			A)	cytokine
			B)	gamma-interferon
			C)	interleukin-4
			D)	lymphokine

Learning Outcome 16.10

44			T cells may produce _____, which is lethal to the target cells invaded by a pathogen.
			A)	interleukin-2
			B)	perforin
			C)	interferon
			D)	interleukin-3

Learning Outcome 16.11

45			Humoral immunity is mediated by the _____.
			A)	monocytes
			B)	T cells
			C)	B cells
			D)	neutrophils

Learning Outcome 16.11

46			The specific source of antibodies is the _____.
			A)	B cell
			B)	T cell
			C)	macrophage
			D)	plasma cell

Learning Outcome 16.11

47			A gammaglobinemia will seriously impair which ability?
			A)	CMI
			B)	T cell functions
			C)	antibody production
			D)	phagocytosis

Learning Outcome 16.10

48			The heavy chains of an immunoglobulin differ by having _____.
			A)	fewer lipids
			B)	more amino acids
			C)	more antigen sites
			D)	more sulfur atoms

Learning Outcome 16.11

49			Most of the circulating antibodies are derived from _____ class immunoglobulin.
			A)	A
			B)	E
			C)	G
			D)	D

Learning Outcome 16.13

50			A vaccination is an example of _____ immunity.
			A)	naturally acquired active
			B)	artificially acquired active
			C)	artificially acquired passive
			D)	naturally acquired passive

Learning Outcome 16.13

51			Artificially acquired passive immunity could be the result of _____ injection.
			A)	antigen
			B)	toxoid
			C)	gamma globulin
			D)	cortisone

Learning Outcome 16.13

52			Naturally acquired passive immunity results from _____.
			A)	a bee sting
			B)	immunization
			C)	a flu shot
			D)	placental transfer

Learning Outcome 16.10

53			AIDS is caused by viruses that specifically invade _____.
			A)	the liver
			B)	B cells
			C)	T cells
			D)	neutrophils

Learning Outcome 16.13

54			Purified protein derivative is used to screen for _____.
			A)	AIDS
			B)	leukemia
			C)	tuberculosis
			D)	syphilis

Learning Outcome 16.14

55			Which of the following cause the symptoms of an immediate allergy reaction?
			A)	B cells
			B)	T cells
			C)	mast cells
			D)	neutrophils

Learning Outcome 16.14

56			Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland?
			A)	Graves disease
			B)	SLE
			C)	scleroderma
			D)	rheumatoid arthritis

Learning Outcome 16.1

57			The walls of lymphatic vessels are similar to those of cardiovascular _____________.
			A)	arteries
			B)	veins
			C)	capillaries
			D)	distributing arteries

Learning Outcome 16.2

58			The lymphatic trunk that drains the upper limb is the _______________.
			A)	bronchomediastinal trunk
			B)	intestinal trunk
			C)	subclavian trunk
			D)	jugular trunk

Learning Outcome 16.3

59			Lymphatic capillaries are able to receive cellular debris and foreign particles because ________________.
			A)	of the structure of their flap like valves
			B)	the fluid pressure is so great it forces this material into the capillaries
			C)	lymphatic and cardiovascular capillaries are designed to receive this material
			D)	of amoeboid motion of the foreign particles

Learning Outcome 16.8

60			Which of these is NOT a nonspecific defense against disease?
			A)	species resistance
			B)	phagocytosis
			C)	interferon
			D)	hair color and texture

Learning Outcome 16.14

61			What traits characterize antigens?
			A)	Antigens may be proteins, polysaccharides, glycolipids, or glycoproteins that stimulate an immune response.
			B)	Antigens come only from foreign microorganisms.
			C)	Antigens are immunoglobulins the body produces in response to exposure to foreign organisms.
			D)	Antigens are proteins that stimulate an immune response.

Learning Outcome 16.10

62			Which of the following molecules is NOT generally produced by T cells and macrophages?
			A)	growth-inhibiting factors
			B)	cytokines
			C)	colony-stimulating factors
			D)	tissue thromboplastin

Learning Outcome 16.10

63			How are B cells activated?
			A)	B cell is activated when it encounters an antigen that matches its B cell receptors and receives cytokines from helper T cells.
			B)	B cells are activated when they encounter their twin T cell component.
			C)	B cells are activated when red blood cells release cytokines.
			D)	B cells are activated when their matching antibodies attach to their surfaces and macrophages release cytokines.

Learning Outcome 16.11

64			Which type of immunoglobulin molecule is passed on to nursing infants in breast milk?
			A)	IgG
			B)	IgM
			C)	IgA
			D)	IgE

Learning Outcome 16.10

65			Antibodies interact with antigens in all of these ways except _______________.
			A)	opsonization
			B)	attracting macrophages to the area (chemotaxis)
			C)	releasing interferon
			D)	agglutination

Learning Outcome 16.13

66			Vaccines generally confer what type of immunity?
			A)	artificially acquired passive immunity
			B)	artificially acquired active immunity
			C)	naturally acquired passive immunity
			D)	naturally acquired active immunity

Learning Outcome 16.3

67			Which of these would NOT be found in lymph fluid?
			A)	proteins
			B)	sodium ions
			C)	neutrophils
			D)	erythrocytes

Learning Outcome 16.2

68			The thoracic duct empties directly into the _____ vein.
			A)	right subclavian
			B)	left subclavian
			C)	right axillary
			D)	brachiocephalic

Learning Outcome 16.7

69			Which of these does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	thymus
			B)	lymph node
			C)	sinus
			D)	nodule

Learning Outcome 16.2

70			Where would Peyer's patches be found?
			A)	colon
			B)	small intestine
			C)	liver
			D)	throat

Learning Outcome 16.6

71			Which lymph nodes could NOT be palpated with the fingers?
			A)	axillary
			B)	inguinal
			C)	cervical
			D)	mesenteric

Learning Outcome 16.7

72			Which is NOT a property of the red pulp within the spleen?
			A)	produces lymphocytes
			B)	has erythrocytes
			C)	has macrophages
			D)	produces erythrocytes

Learning Outcome 16.7

73			T lymphocytes can be found in the bone marrow, spleen, blood, and tonsils as well as thymus gland.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.5

74			The sinuses of the lymph nodes and spleen are cavities filled with blood.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.7

75			The spleen always stops its hematopoietic activity at birth.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.10

76			Macrophages are specialized lymphocytes that engulf foreign particles.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.9

77			Tears contain lysozyme enzymes that can destroy bacteria.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.9

78			Inflammation is a nonspecific defense mechanism that is caused by any cell damage.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.9

79			Mucous membranes provide a barrier to infection mainly because of its phagocytic properties.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.10

80			A macrophage could belong to the lymphatic and reticuloendothelial systems at the same time.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.9

81			All phagocytes belong to the nonspecific mechanisms of defense.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.10

82			The origin of the B cells is the bone marrow.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.10

83			A clone is a group of cells with identical genetic properties.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.11

84			The area designated the constant region of the immunoglobulin will bind to the antigen.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.11

85			Immunoglobulin E can produce allergic or inflammatory reactions that are life threatening.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.10

86			B cells usually require the presence of some activating factor before they can recognize an antigen.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.12

87			Neutralizing antibodies cause antigens to lose their toxic properties.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.10

88			T cells produce factors that stimulate the activity of other cells including B cells.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.12

89			The delayed reaction allergy to a chemical is mediated by the B cell system.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.14

90			The HIV viruses cause death from conditions such as pneumonia.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.14

91			Immunosuppressive drugs can be used to suppress the histocompatibility complex reaction in a tissue organ or graft rejection.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.14

92			SLE is an autoimmune disease, which attacks body tissues because of T cell activation.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.1

93			The lymphatic system is an ancillary circulatory system of blood vessels that delivers nutrients and removes wastes from tissues.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.2

94			Lymphatic vessels contain elastic fibers and valves.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.4

95			Lymphatic vessels contain valves to allow for one-way movement of fluid.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.7

96			Thymosin is an enzyme required to stimulate T-cell production in the spleen.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.10

97			T-cell lymphocytes die if they are NOT capable of recognizing foreign particles.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.1

98			The lymphatic system can either cause or cure a cancer.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.7

99			Removal of the spleen will impair the immune capabilities of the individual.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 16.1

100			Pus is a collection of white blood cells, cellular debris, and bacteria.
			A)	True
			B)	False