Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 2.2

1			The nucleus of an atom always has a _____ charge.
			A)	unstable
			B)	positive
			C)	negative
			D)	neutral

Learning Outcome 2.2

2			What is the charge of an elemental atom?
			A)	negative
			B)	positive
			C)	neutral
			D)	constantly changing

Learning Outcome 2.2

3			The second electron shell can hold a maximum of _____ electrons.
			A)	2
			B)	4
			C)	6
			D)	8

Learning Outcome 2.2

4			Chemically stable elements will not _____ under ordinary conditions.
			A)	become radioactive
			B)	chemically react
			C)	disintegrate
			D)	undergo nuclear decay

Learning Outcome 2.5

5			Carbon atoms tend to form _____.
			A)	covalent bonds
			B)	cations
			C)	anions
			D)	ionic bonds

Learning Outcome 2.3

6			When atoms of different elements combine they form _____.
			A)	gases
			B)	compounds
			C)	molecules
			D)	ionic bonds

Learning Outcome 2.4

7			_____ formulas display the relative positions of each atom within a molecule.
			A)	Empirical
			B)	Structural
			C)	Molecular
			D)	Nuclear

Learning Outcome 2.2

8			The following are all electrolytes except which one?
			A)	NaOH
			B)	glucose
			C)	Carbonic acid
			D)	aluminum chloride

Learning Outcome 2.4

9			Which of these molecular formulas represents a compound?
			A)	H2
			B)	O2
			C)	N2
			D)	C6H12O6

Learning Outcome 2.5

10			The reaction NaCl → Na+ +Cl-, as written, represents what type of reaction?
			A)	synthesis reaction
			B)	decomposition reaction
			C)	exchange reaction
			D)	reversible reaction

Learning Outcome 2.6

11			Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions(H+) in water are called ________________.
			A)	acids
			B)	bases
			C)	salts
			D)	electrically neutral

Learning Outcome 2.9

12			DNA contains each of the following components, except ______________.
			A)	5-carbon sugar
			B)	a single polynucleotide chain
			C)	phosphate group
			D)	organic base

Learning Outcome 2.2

13			Which element has the nuclear configuration of 12/6?
			A)	carbon
			B)	oxygen
			C)	N
			D)	K

Learning Outcome 2.4

14			Of the following, which represents an organic compound?
			A)	H2O
			B)	O2
			C)	nitrous oxide
			D)	C6H12O6

Learning Outcome 2.2

15			Whenever a partially charged hydrogen comes near a partially charged oxygen on another atom, a _____ bond is formed.
			A)	covalent
			B)	hydrogen
			C)	ionic
			D)	polar covalent

Learning Outcome 2.7

16			Water tends to dissociate, forming ions; which pH value indicates that the [H+] equals the [OH-]?
			A)	6
			B)	0
			C)	7
			D)	14

Learning Outcome 2.6

17			Which of these is the correct formula for a base?
			A)	HCl
			B)	NaOH
			C)	H2SO4
			D)	H2O

Learning Outcome 2.6

18			At what pH is a solution completely acidic?____
			A)	0
			B)	7
			C)	14
			D)	7.4

Learning Outcome 2.2

19			Which of these has the highest atomic weight?
			A)	magnesium
			B)	fluorine
			C)	lithium
			D)	sodium

Learning Outcome 2.3

20			Two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights are called _____.
			A)	elements
			B)	isotopes
			C)	molecules
			D)	radioactive

Learning Outcome 2.2

21			What does a radioactive element do?
			A)	lose neutrons
			B)	lose protons
			C)	undergoes nuclear disintegration
			D)	change their electron shells

Learning Outcome 2.2

22			Radiation in the form of two protons and two neutrons is the _____.
			A)	gamma ray
			B)	electron
			C)	beta particle
			D)	alpha particle

Learning Outcome 2.1

23			Which of these can be used to detect heart disease?
			A)	iodine-131
			B)	gallium-67
			C)	thallium-201
			D)	cobalt-60

Learning Outcome 2.2

24			The only elements that have eight electrons in their outer orbitals and are therefore stable are the _____.
			A)	metals
			B)	non-metals
			C)	gases
			D)	noble gases

Learning Outcome 2.2

25			What happens to sodium when it loses its outer electron?
			A)	it becomes a negative ion
			B)	it becomes radioactive
			C)	it becomes a positive ion
			D)	nothing

Learning Outcome 2.4

26			In table salt, _____ bonds hold the ions together.
			A)	electrovalent
			B)	electrostatic
			C)	covalent
			D)	hydrogen

Learning Outcome 2.5

27			What causes HCl to become an acid?
			A)	the ionic forces
			B)	covalent exchanges with water
			C)	the release of H+
			D)	the presence of H+

Learning Outcome 2.5

28			A covalent bond is formed whenever two atoms ______ electrons.
			A)	lose
			B)	share
			C)	gain
			D)	keep their

Learning Outcome 2.1

29			Buildings that contain radon in their structures can cause illness because radon will _____.
			A)	chemically react with human tissues
			B)	produce ionizing radiation
			C)	be absorbed into the blood
			D)	disintegrate

Learning Outcome 2.3

30			The _____ is the smallest particle of an element, which has the properties of the element.
			A)	atom
			B)	electron
			C)	ion
			D)	molecule

Learning Outcome 2.5

31			Decomposition is the opposite of a _____ reaction.
			A)	synthesis
			B)	ionic
			C)	nuclear
			D)	exchange

Learning Outcome 2.5

32			What is the term for a substance that can increase the rate of a reaction without becoming changed?
			A)	reactant
			B)	product
			C)	catalyst
			D)	electrolyte

Learning Outcome 2.4

33			Sodium chloride is an example of a/an_____.
			A)	base
			B)	acid
			C)	electrolyte
			D)	ion

Learning Outcome 2.6

34			A solution with a pH of 7.35 is considered to be _____.
			A)	acidic
			B)	neutral
			C)	basic
			D)	normal

Learning Outcome 2.8

35			What is the most abundant compound in the human body?
			A)	water
			B)	oxygen
			C)	carbon
			D)	protein

Learning Outcome 2.8

36			What is the main purpose for cellular oxygen?
			A)	transports heat
			B)	acts as a solvent
			C)	results in energy
			D)	it is exchanged for carbon dioxide

Learning Outcome 2.8

37			Which inorganic ion is required for ATP and nucleic acid synthesis and is part of their structures?
			A)	magnesium
			B)	K+
			C)	bicarbonate
			D)	phosphate

Learning Outcome 2.9

38			The following are monosaccharides except which one?
			A)	glucose
			B)	sucrose
			C)	fructose
			D)	galactose

Learning Outcome 2.9

39			Glycogen is a type of _____ and is a storage form of sugar.
			A)	monosaccharide
			B)	disaccharide
			C)	polysaccharide
			D)	milk sugar

Learning Outcome 2.9

40			If a triglyceride were digested it would breakdown into glycerol and _____.
			A)	fatty acids
			B)	nitrogen
			C)	a saccharide
			D)	a lipid

Learning Outcome 2.9

41			Unsaturated fats are comprised of lipids that contain ____.
			A)	nitrogen
			B)	no double bonds
			C)	many hydrogen atoms
			D)	relatively few hydrogen atoms

Learning Outcome 2.9

42			The following are steroids except which one?
			A)	cholesterol
			B)	estrogens
			C)	testosterone
			D)	phospholipid

Learning Outcome 2.9

43			Proteins are most important for the following functions except which one?
			A)	hormone structures
			B)	energy production
			C)	cell structures
			D)	antibodies

Learning Outcome 2.9

44			All nucleic acids must contain which of the following?
			A)	phosphate group
			B)	amino acids
			C)	ribose
			D)	deoxyribose

Learning Outcome 2.9

45			The molecule which contains the genetic information necessary to regulate cells is _____.
			A)	RNA
			B)	DNA
			C)	protein
			D)	ATP

Learning Outcome 2.2

46			An electrically neutral atom bears what trait?
			A)	It contains protons in its nucleus.
			B)	It contains the same number of protons and neutrons.
			C)	It contains the same number of electrons and protons.
			D)	It contains electrons in its electron shells.

Learning Outcome 2.2

47			Isotopes of the same element vary in the number of _______________ they contain.
			A)	protons
			B)	neutrons
			C)	electrons
			D)	radioactive particles

Learning Outcome 2.2

48			Radioactive isotopes emit energy or particles until they reach a stable form. Which type of radiation emitted by a radioactive isotope can be the most penetrating, and thus the most damaging, to living things?
			A)	alpha radiation
			B)	beta radiation
			C)	gamma radiation
			D)	atomic radiation

Learning Outcome 2.5

49			Chemical reactions occur as bonds are formed or broken between molecules. The molecules that are changed by a reaction are called _______________.
			A)	products
			B)	ions
			C)	reactants
			D)	acids

Learning Outcome 2.7

50			A substance with a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.000001 g/L has a pH of ___________.
			A)	2
			B)	5
			C)	6
			D)	7

Learning Outcome 2.9

51			Animal polysaccharides or _______________, consists of branched chains of sugar units and functions to store energy.
			A)	glycogen
			B)	steroids
			C)	dextrose
			D)	cellulose

Learning Outcome 2.9

52			A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are all linked by single carbon-carbon bonds is said to be _________________.
			A)	polyunsaturated
			B)	monounsaturated
			C)	linked
			D)	saturated

Learning Outcome 2.9

53			Choose the correct statement about proteins and their structure.
			A)	Hydrogen bonding rarely occurs in proteins.
			B)	Most proteins are made from a short chain of aminoacids.
			C)	A denatured protein is equally effective as the protein in its original shape.
			D)	A protein's conformation determines its function.

Learning Outcome 2.9

54			Myoglobin, hemoglobin, and many enzymes are ________________ proteins.
			A)	globular
			B)	fibrous
			C)	linear
			D)	pleated sheet

Learning Outcome 2.3

55			The smallest complete unit of an element is the _____.
			A)	atom
			B)	molecule
			C)	element
			D)	electron

Learning Outcome 2.2

56			Which of the following does not belong with the others?
			A)	proton
			B)	neutron
			C)	electron
			D)	nucleus

Learning Outcome 2.2

57			What is the sum of the neutrons plus protons equal to?
			A)	atomic number
			B)	bulk number
			C)	atomic symbol
			D)	mass number

Learning Outcome 2.1

58			Which of the following is not nearly as abundant as the others in living cells?
			A)	Na
			B)	Mn
			C)	P
			D)	N

Learning Outcome 2.2

59			The symbol Na+ is used to describe a sodium _____.
			A)	atom
			B)	free radical
			C)	ion
			D)	molecule

Learning Outcome 2.1

60			People are constantly exposed to what is termed background radiation in the environment.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.1

61			Exposure to radiation from medical and dental procedures is less than what one would receive from natural background exposure.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.1

62			Some smoke detectors can emit radiation.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.5

63			Most chemical reactions are reversible in nature.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.7

64			A person could have a blood pH of 7.2 and be considered to have excess acidity or acidosis.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.7

65			The total pH range compatible with human life is 7.35 to 7.45 in the blood.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.7

66			A person could not survive with a blood pH of 6 or 8.2.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.6

67			Cow's milk is more acidic than apple juice.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.8

68			The presence of electrolytes in the body is more important than their relative amounts.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.9

69			Organic compounds must all contain the atom carbon.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.9

70			The fundamental unit of polysaccharides is glucose.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.9

71			Saturated fats are associated with coronary artery disease.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.9

72			All proteins function as catalysts or enzymes.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.9

73			All proteins must contain nitrogen and amino acids.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.2

74			Protons all bear positive charges while neutrons have no net charge.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.3

75			Atoms such as sodium that are in the first column of the periodic table have positive charges.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.2

76			Elements that are radioactive isotopes react in similar chemical ways to their relatively stable counterparts, such as12C and 14C.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.5

77			When sodium reacts with chlorine usually a covalent bond is formed.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.4

78			Considering all molecules known, inorganic molecules usually contain fewer atoms than organic molecules.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.6

79			Technically speaking, HCl is a correct formula for a strong acid.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.1

80			PET is the acronym for a diagnostic tool, which utilizes X-rays to scan internal body structures.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 2.3

81			Matter is anything that has weight and has a function.
			A)	True
			B)	False