Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 3.2

1			Which of the following are the smallest cells?
			A)	human ovum
			B)	red blood cell
			C)	white blood cell
			D)	smooth muscle cell

Learning Outcome 3.4

2			Two major parts of a cell are the nucleus and _____________________.
			A)	membrane
			B)	organelle
			C)	reticulum
			D)	mitochondrion

Learning Outcome 3.6

3			The __________________ proteins in a membrane function as enzymes.
			A)	peripheral
			B)	structural
			C)	integral
			D)	rod-like

Learning Outcome 3.6

4			The inside lining of the digestive tract is lined with cells that are held together by ____________________.
			A)	gap junctions
			B)	tight junctions
			C)	connective tissue
			D)	desmosomes

Learning Outcome 3.7

5			The ________________ is the source of most of the cellular energy.
			A)	ribosome
			B)	cytosol
			C)	mitochondrion
			D)	lysosome

Learning Outcome 3.7

6			The _____ contain enzymes that are used to degrade foreign particles as well as cell structures.
			A)	centrioles
			B)	lysosomes
			C)	peroxisomes
			D)	mitochondria

Learning Outcome 3.7

7			The ____________ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction.
			A)	centriole
			B)	centrosome
			C)	chromosome
			D)	lysosome

Learning Outcome 3.7

8			The protein actin is found in _______________, which results in some type of movement or contraction.
			A)	Golgi bodies
			B)	microfilaments
			C)	microtubules
			D)	cilia

Learning Outcome 3.11

9			The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosome number is _____.
			A)	mitosis
			B)	prophase
			C)	meiosis
			D)	karyokinesis

Learning Outcome 3.14

10			Chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial line during the _______ stage of division.
			A)	prophase
			B)	metaphase
			C)	anaphase
			D)	telophase

Learning Outcome 3.14

11			The _______________ stage occurs when two daughter cells have completely formed.
			A)	interphase
			B)	prophase
			C)	metaphase
			D)	telophase

Learning Outcome 3.18

12			During hyperplasia, cells are dividing at a rapid rate and may progress towards a ____________ state.
			A)	cancerous
			B)	hypertrophy
			C)	metaplasia
			D)	metastasis

Learning Outcome 3.6

13			Which feature is not a characteristic of the cell membrane?
			A)	It is made up of a phospholipid monolayer.
			B)	It can seal tiny breaks in itself.
			C)	It is selectively permeable and can regulate passage of material through it.
			D)	Many kinds of proteins are embedded in the membrane.

Learning Outcome 3.3

14			The type of proteins that guide cells on the move in the bloodstream to their destination at a wound site are _____________.
			A)	cell adhesion molecules
			B)	desmosomes
			C)	gap junctions
			D)	tight junctions

Learning Outcome 3.7

15			____________ provide(s) both structural support and the enzymes needed to make proteins from amino acid building blocks.
			A)	peroxisomes
			B)	Golgi apparatus
			C)	ribosomes
			D)	mitochondria

Learning Outcome 3.7

16			Choose the organelle that consists of microtubules and functions both in distributing chromosomes during cell division and in forming portions of cilia and flagella.
			A)	lysosome
			B)	mitochondria
			C)	vesicle
			D)	centrosome

Learning Outcome 3.8

17			In what part of the nucleus does ribosome production occur?
			A)	within nuclear pores
			B)	in the chromatin
			C)	in the area of the nucleolus
			D)	Ribosome production does not occur in the nucleus.

Learning Outcome 3.10

18			By which process does a glucose molecule move through a cell membrane protein carrier from a region of greater concentration to one of lower concentration?
			A)	simple diffusion
			B)	facilitated diffusion
			C)	active transport
			D)	filtration

Learning Outcome 3.7

19			In the liver, the _________ may play a role in producing the enzymes that help detoxify drugs.
			A)	mitochondria
			B)	rough endoplasmic reticulum
			C)	smooth endoplasmic reticulum
			D)	Golgi apparatus

Learning Outcome 3.5

20			A ribosome is an example of a _______________.
			A)	nuclear membrane
			B)	organelle
			C)	inclusion
			D)	protein

Learning Outcome 3.6

21			A cell membrane allows only needed substances to pass and is therefore called ____________________.
			A)	permeable
			B)	passive
			C)	active
			D)	selective

Learning Outcome 3.6

22			A human cell membrane is comprised of the following except which one?
			A)	lipids
			B)	proteins
			C)	carbohydrates
			D)	nucleic acids

Learning Outcome 3.6

23			The following molecules freely pass through a cell membrane except which one?
			A)	oxygen
			B)	carbon dioxide
			C)	amino acids
			D)	certain lipids

Learning Outcome 3.9

24			Hormones come in contact with the __________ molecules in a membrane.
			A)	lipid
			B)	rod-like protein
			C)	globular protein
			D)	integral protein

Learning Outcome 3.6

25			The cells in heart muscle are often held together by areas called ____________.
			A)	desmosomes
			B)	tight junctions
			C)	gap junctions
			D)	intercellular fluid

Learning Outcome 3.7

26			The ______________ contains enzymes that are associated with protein synthesis.
			A)	mitochondrion
			B)	ribosome
			C)	lysosome
			D)	Golgi body

Learning Outcome 3.7

27			The _____________ functions to package molecules into vesicles that can be transported out of a cell.
			A)	ribosome
			B)	nucleus
			C)	Golgi apparatus
			D)	centriole apparatus

Learning Outcome 3.7

28			A combination of a sugar with a protein is a ____________________.
			A)	lipoprotein
			B)	glycoprotein
			C)	complex protein
			D)	nuclear protein

Learning Outcome 3.7

29			The _____________ functions as a sac-like or tubular network of structures that provides transport.
			A)	ribosome
			B)	lysosome
			C)	endoplasmic reticulum
			D)	centriole microtubules

Learning Outcome 3.7

30			The cristae are the inner portions of the _____________________.
			A)	mitochondria
			B)	ribosome
			C)	inclusion bodies
			D)	centrosome

Learning Outcome 3.7

31			Catalase is an enzyme, which degrades _________________________.
			A)	hydrogen peroxide
			B)	cell membranes
			C)	bacteria
			D)	peroxidase

Learning Outcome 3.7

32			The structures that cause fluids and mucus to move across their surface are the _____.
			A)	flagella
			B)	basal bodies
			C)	cilia
			D)	microfilaments

Learning Outcome 3.7

33			Which of the following human cells does not have a flagellum?
			A)	sperm
			B)	kidneys
			C)	intestine
			D)	testes

Learning Outcome 3.7

34			Membranous sacs that contain fluids or particles for transport are called the _____.
			A)	microtubules
			B)	microfilaments
			C)	vesicles
			D)	inclusion bodies

Learning Outcome 3.7

35			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	microtubule
			B)	microvilli
			C)	aid in DNA movement
			D)	comprise an internal skeleton

Learning Outcome 3.7

36			What is the term for chemical particles in a cell which appear lifeless and have no obvious function?
			A)	inclusion
			B)	organelle
			C)	vesicle
			D)	macromolecule

Learning Outcome 3.7

37			The following are inclusions except which one?
			A)	glycogen
			B)	melanin
			C)	lipids
			D)	vesicles

Learning Outcome 3.9

38			The movement of particles from higher to lower concentration is termed _____________.
			A)	active transport
			B)	dialysis
			C)	diffusion
			D)	osmosis

Learning Outcome 3.10

39			The following will increase the rate of diffusion except which factor?
			A)	increased temperature
			B)	increased concentration
			C)	increased molecular weight
			D)	shorter distances

Learning Outcome 3.9

40			Movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations through a membrane, such as in dialysis, occurs by _________________.
			A)	diffusion
			B)	active transport
			C)	osmosis
			D)	filtration

Learning Outcome 3.9

41			Membranes that have a higher osmotic pressure on one side tend to ______________.
			A)	repel water
			B)	draw water towards that side
			C)	repel water from that side
			D)	stop the movement of water

Learning Outcome 3.9

42			Hypertonic solutions tend to causes cells to __________.
			A)	burst
			B)	increase in diameter
			C)	shrink
			D)	intake water

Learning Outcome 3.9

43			Normal isotonic sodium chloride solution is _____%.
			A)	10%
			B)	0.9%
			C)	5%
			D)	12%

Learning Outcome 3.9

44			The movement of a salt through a membrane, such as in a kidney, because of pressure differences is called _________________.
			A)	filtration
			B)	dialysis
			C)	diffusion
			D)	active transport

Learning Outcome 3.9

45			Hydrostatic refers to pressure of ________________.
			A)	salts
			B)	the membrane
			C)	solutes
			D)	the solvent

Learning Outcome 3.9

46			Movement of molecules from low to high concentrations is ________________.
			A)	facilitated diffusion
			B)	active transport
			C)	passive transport
			D)	dialysis

Learning Outcome 3.10

47			The ability of leukocytes to engulf bacteria is due to the process of _______________.
			A)	phagocytosis
			B)	pinocytosis
			C)	endocytosis
			D)	receptor-mediated endocytosis

Learning Outcome 3.10

48			In receptor-mediated endocytosis, an LDL particle of cholesterol is attracted to cells that contain ___________________.
			A)	lipoproteins
			B)	apoprotein-B receptors
			C)	HDL
			D)	cholesterol

Learning Outcome 3.11

49			As a result of mitosis, the number of chromosomes __________________.
			A)	remains the same
			B)	is doubled
			C)	is cut in half
			D)	changes to 46

Learning Outcome 3.14

50			At which stages does the chromosome number double?
			A)	prophase
			B)	metaphase
			C)	interphase
			D)	telophase

Learning Outcome 3.14

51			Two chromatids are attached at the _____ region.
			A)	terminal
			B)	centromere
			C)	centrosome
			D)	centriole

Learning Outcome 3.14

52			The centromeres divide during the ________________ stage of mitosis.
			A)	prophase
			B)	metaphase
			C)	anaphase
			D)	telophase

Learning Outcome 3.11

53			The process ______________ explains how embryonic cells become specialized and diverse.
			A)	mitosis
			B)	meiosis
			C)	interphase
			D)	differentiation

Learning Outcome 3.14

54			The main division process in the early embryo is _____________.
			A)	mitosis
			B)	meiosis
			C)	karyokinesis
			D)	metastasis

Learning Outcome 3.18

55			Cancer cells can disseminate to other areas by a process called ____________.
			A)	metaphase
			B)	anaplasia
			C)	hyperplasia
			D)	metastasis

Learning Outcome 3.6

56			Which channel-blocker medication can be used to treat hypertension or angina pectoris?
			A)	sodium
			B)	calcium
			C)	potassium
			D)	chloride

Learning Outcome 3.1

57			What type of cell is a bacterium?
			A)	eukaryotic
			B)	archaeal
			C)	prokaryotic
			D)	viroid

Learning Outcome 3.3

58			The __________ of a cell is the most critical factor in determining its function.
			A)	size
			B)	shape
			C)	age
			D)	chromosome number

Learning Outcome 3.8

59			The _________ of the cell directs its overall activities as well as houses its genetic material.
			A)	nucleolus
			B)	endoplasmic reticulum
			C)	nucleus
			D)	centrosome

Learning Outcome 3.6

60			Molecules that are soluble in ___________ can pass through the fatty acid portion of the cell membrane unassisted.
			A)	water
			B)	cholesterol
			C)	gases
			D)	lipids

Learning Outcome 3.9

61			Cells use up to 40% of their daily energy expenditure engaged in what important process?
			A)	active transport
			B)	endocytosis
			C)	exocytosis
			D)	facilitated diffusion

Learning Outcome 3.11

62			During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
			A)	mitosis
			B)	prophase of mitosis
			C)	G2 phase
			D)	S phase

Learning Outcome 3.14

63			Chromosomes align midway between centrioles during what phase of mitosis?
			A)	prophase
			B)	metaphase
			C)	anaphase
			D)	telophase

Learning Outcome 3.13

64			DNA can be found within chromosomes during division but prior to division DNA exists as long thin ____________ strands.
			A)	RNA
			B)	chromatin
			C)	chromosome
			D)	flagellar

Learning Outcome 3.6

65			Which chemicals on the surface of cells function to attach to and recognize hormones?
			A)	phospholipids
			B)	carbohydrates
			C)	proteins
			D)	steroids

Learning Outcome 1.5

66			The term _____________can be used to imply all of the chemical reactions within a cell.
			A)	metabolism
			B)	respiration
			C)	anabolism
			D)	catabolism

Learning Outcome 3.7

67			The cristae are structures found within the _________ organelle.
			A)	ribosome
			B)	lysosome
			C)	mitochondrion
			D)	endoplasmic reticulum

Learning Outcome 3.9

68			Which of the following does not belong with others?
			A)	diffusion
			B)	osmosis
			C)	active transport
			D)	passive transport

Learning Outcome 3.7

69			One mechanism in the skin that prevents cells from becoming loose and separating is the presence of junctions called desmosomes.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.1

70			A TEM is a device that is used to magnify a cell only about 1,000 times.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.7

71			Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a significant function in protein synthesis.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.6

72			Selectively permeable membranes allow proteins to pass through them.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.7

73			Lysosomes degrade bacteria and worn cells, and can cause disease by destroying normal tissues.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.7

74			Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical toxic to most cells and is produced by some human cells.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.7

75			Peroxisomes can play a role in the detoxification of alcohol.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.8

76			The centrioles are microtubules that play a significant role in ATP and energy production.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.8

77			The nucleus is an organelle enclosed in a double layer of membrane.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.8

78			The nucleolus functions mainly in the synthesis of DNA.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.8

79			Chromatin is the term for the loosely coiled appearance of DNA in a non-dividing cell.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.23

80			In the process of apoptosis, cells shrink and die but the basic structure of the organelles remains constant.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.8

81			DNA has chemicals that direct metabolic processes as well as reproduction.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.9

82			At the point of equilibrium, during diffusion, there is no further movement of any molecules.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.10

83			In general, the rate of diffusion of a molecule is faster in areas of higher temperature.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.9

84			The sugar added to a water solution is termed the solvent.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.9

85			During renal dialysis, a type of diffusion, it is possible to remove all of a metabolic waste such as urea, from the blood.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.9

86			Osmosis is the movement of water and can occur through any type of permeable membrane.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.9

87			During osmosis, water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to the side with the higher solute concentration.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.9

88			Osmosis is considered a special case of diffusion and is passive in nature.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.18

89			Cancer cells are more sensitive to drugs and radiation than normal cells.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.17

90			There are many possible causes of cancer including viruses, radiation or exposure to chemicals.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.9

91			It is possible for an intravenous solution that is labeled isotonic, to be hypotonic to a patient.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.9

92			In active transport, energy is consumed by the cell membrane in the form of ATP.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.9

93			Endocytosis is a passive transport process.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.20

94			Bone cells contain genes for nerve cells that have been repressed.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.7

95			Ribosomes are comprised of RNA that has been synthesized directly by the nucleolus.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.7

96			Vesicles differ from vacuoles in that vesicles are usually produced for the purpose of causing something to leave the cell.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.7

97			The Golgi apparatus plays a direct role in producing the complete cell membrane.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.5

98			Cells have the capability of synthesizing water during metabolism.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 3.6

99			Membranes are called selectively permeable because they allow most substances to enter the cell.
			A)	True
			B)	False