This list contains chapter
titles and main topics. Each chapter also contains chapter objectives, chapter
summary, clinical investigation, review activities, and selected readings. - The Study of Body Function
Introduction to Physiology/Homeostasis
and Feedback Control/The Primary Tissues/Organs and Systems - Chemical Composition
of the Body
Atoms, Ions, and Chemical
Bonds/Carbohydrates and Lipids/Proteins - Cell Structure and
Genetic Control
Cell Membrane and Associated
Structures/Cytoplasm and Its Organelles/Cell Nucleus and Nucleic Acids/Protein
Synthesis and Secretion/DNA Synthesis and Cell Division/Interactions - Enzymes and Energy
Enzymes as Catalysts/Control
of Enzyme Activity/Bioenergetics - Cell Respiration and
Metabolism
Glycolysis and the Lactic
Acid Pathway/Aerobic Respiration/Metabolism of Lipids and Proteins/Interactions - Interactions between Cells and the Extracellular Environment
Diffusion and Osmosis/Carrier-Mediated
Transport/The Membrane Potential/Interactions - The Nervous System:
Neurons and Synapses
Neurons and Supporting
Cells/Electrical Activity in Axons/The Synapse/Acetylcholine as a Neurotransmitter/Monoamines
as Neurotransmitters/Other Neurotransmitters/Synaptic Integration - The Central Nervous
System
Structural Organization
of the Brain/Cerebrum/Diencephalon/Midbrain and Hindbrain/Spinal Cord Tracts/Cranial
and Spinal Nerves - The Autonomic Nervous
System
Neural Control of Involuntary
Effectors/Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System/Functions of the Autonomic
Nervous System - Sensory Physiology
Characteristics of Sensory
Receptors/Cutaneous Sensations/Taste and Smell/Vestibular Apparatus and
Equilibrium/The Ears and Hearing/The Eyes and Vision/Retina/Neural Processing
of Visual Information/Interactions - Endocrine Glands:
Secretion and Action of Hormones
Endocrine Glands and
Hormones/Mechanisms of Hormone Action/Pituitary Gland/Adrenal Glands/Thyroid
and Parathyroid Glands/Pancreas and Other Endocrine Glands/Autocrine and
Paracrine Regulation/Interactions - Muscle: Mechanisms
of Contraction and Neural Control
Structure and Actions
of Skeletal Muscles/Mechanisms of Contraction/Neural Control of Skeletal
Muscles/Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscles/Cardiac and Smooth Muscle/Interactions - Heart and Circulation
Functions and Components
of the Circulatory System/Composition of the Blood/Acid-Base Balance of
the Blood/Structure of the Heart/Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds/Electrical
Activity of the Heart and the Electrocardiogram/Blood Vessels/Atherosclerosis
and Cardiac Arrhythmias/Lymphatic System - Cardiac Output, Blood
Flow, and Blood Pressure
Cardiac Output/Blood
Volume/Vascular Resistance to Blood Flow/Blood Flow to the Heart and Skeletal
Muscles/Blood Flow to the Brain and Skin/Blood Pressure/Hypertension, Shock,
and Congestive Heart Failure/Interactions - The Immune System
Defense Mechanisms/Functions
of B Lymphocytes/Active and Passive Immunity/Functions of TLymphocytes/Tumor
Immunology/Diseases Caused by the Immune System/Interactions - Respiratory Physiology
The Respiratory System/Physical
Aspects of Ventilation/Mechanics of Breathing/Gas Exchange in the Lungs/Regulation
of Breathing/Hemoglobin and Oxygen Transport/Carbon Dioxide Transport and
Acid-Base Balance/Effect of Exercise and High Altitude on Respiratory Function/Interactions - Physiology of the Kidneys
Structure and Function
of the Kidneys/Glomerular Filtration/Reabsorption of Salt and Water/Renal
Plasma Clearance/Renal Control of Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance/Clinical
Applications/Interactions - The Digestive System
Introduction to the Digestive
System/Esophagus and Stomach/Small Intestine/Large Intestine/Liver, Gallbladder,
and Pancreas/Neural and Endocrine Regulation of the Digestive System/Digestion
and Absorption of Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins/Interactions - Regulation of Metabolism
Nutritional Requirements/Regulation
of Energy Metabolism/Energy Regulation by the Islets of Langerhans/Diabetes
Mellitus and Hypoglycemia/Metabolic Regulations by Adrenal Hormones, Thyroxine,
and Growth Hormone/Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Balance - Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction/Endocrine
Regulation of Reproduction/Male Reproductive System/Female Reproductive System/Menstrual
Cycle/Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Parturition/Interactions
- Appendix A
Solutions to Clinical
Investigations - Appendix B
Answers to Objective
Questions
Learning Aids - A Guide
to the Student The clarity of organization
and writing style in the sixth edition will help you to integrate and synthesize
information, instead of just memorizing facts. Think of the major sections in
the text as packets of instructions on how to assemble a device or appliance.
Take each concept a step at a time, reread when necessary, scrutinize the figures,
and actually write out answers to the study questions that appear at the end
of these sections. Dont be intimidated by a long explanation - after all, a
detailed set of instructions is easier to follow than one that is too brief.
The more actively you participate in your own learning, the better will be your
understanding of physiology - and the more enjoyable the study will become. To help you gain the most
from your textbook, consider the following information about how to use the
learning aids. Chapter Outline and Objectives Look over the chapter outline
before reading a chapter to get a feel for the topics to be covered, and use
the outline later to help you look up topics and integrate concepts with those
covered later in the text. Check off the objectives as you complete each major
section to see if you are getting what is required from the text. Perspectives Immediately following each
major section heading is a short paragraph, double-spaced and boldfaced to set
it apart. It is a concise statement of the sections central concepts, or organizing
themes, which are illustrated in detail in the narrative that follows. Read
these statements carefully. As their name implies, they will help you place
a section in perspective as you begin it, before getting involved with the specifics.
Then, so as not to lose sight of the forest for the trees, read the perspectives
again after you have completed the section. Boxed Information Following a discussion of
a basic concept, you may find a block of text printed on a colored background
with an accompanying icon. These "boxes" feature clinical or fitness applications
for the information just covered. You will find it enjoyable, as well as instructive,
to see how your newly acquired basic knowledge is being applied to practical
problems. Cross-References As you read about a particular
physiological mechanism, you may come across a reference to a concept that was
discussed earlier in the text. If this concept is no longer clear, look it up
in the referenced chapter. This is a good way to review, and it will help you
to more completely integrate related physiological concepts. You may also see
a reference to a related topic that is covered in more detail in a later chapter.
Go ahead - take a peek at what is ahead. You may not be responsible for the
detail now, but you will be better prepared to integrate this information with
previous knowledge when you reach this chapter later on in the course. Study Activities Each major chapter section
ends with a boxed list of study activities. These may be essay questions to
answer, or perhaps diagrams or flowcharts to draw. Dont just think about how
you might respond. Use a pencil and paper to write or draw. Illustrations and Tables The text includes abundant
tables and illustrations to support the concepts presented. Careful study of
the tables will enhance your understanding of the text, and the summary tables
will be useful when you review for examinations. Although many of the figures
can be admired for their beauty alone, they were created with one primary purpose
- to illustrate concepts presented in the text. Therefore, refer to the figures
and analyze them as you read. Each one has been placed as close as possible
to its text reference to spare you from flipping through pages. Interactions: HPer Links Following each chapter or
group of chapters on a particular body system, and also at the ends of chapters
3, 5, and 6, you will find a page entitled "Interactions." This learning tool
indicates some of the ways in which a given concept applies to a number of body
systems, and the ways in which one body system interacts with others. Each interaction
has a page reference printed in blue type. The term HPer Links
is a hybrid of hyperlinks and the initials of Human Physiology.
On the Internet, a hyperlink is a reference that you can click with a mouse
to go from one part of a document or web page to another. Use the HPer Links
on the Interactions pages in a similar way. Are you curious about how membrane
transport might relate to muscle physiology? Follow the HPer Link on the Interactions
page at the end of chapter 6 on membrane transport. Feel free to browse; it
is a great way to integrate the different subtopics of Human Physiology
and an additional way to review the entire course. Chapter Summaries At the end of each chapter
the material is summarized for you in outline form, following the sequence of
the text narrative. Read the summary after studying the chapter to be sure that
you havent missed any points. In addition, use the chapter summaries in preparing
for exams. Clinical Investigations Following each chapter summary
is a Clinical Investigation. Think of each one as a puzzle, and use the clues
provided to solve it. After writing out your solution, see how closely it agrees
with the solution given in appendix A. Review Activities A section called Review
Activities follows the Clinical Investigations. The Review Activities are self-examinations
at three levels, with three different types of questions. These include objective
questions (with the answers given in appendix C), essay questions,
and critical thinking questions. The first essay question in each chapter
is answered in the Student Study Guide. Be sure to take these self-quizzes in
a "closed-book" fashion after studying the chapters; then, correct your answers
to the objective questions using appendix C. Be sure to review the information
relating to any questions you might have missed. These practice exams will help
you to anticipate the kinds of questions that are likely to appear on real exams.
They will also provide you with feed-back as to the depth of your learning and
understanding. Selected Readings Each chapter closes with
a list of books and articles. Interested students can use these lists as sources
of additional information on topics covered in the chapter. Many of the articles
are from popular journals such as Scientific American and are written
for audiences with limited science backgrounds. World Wide Web Links For your research needs
and personal interest, WCB/McGraw-Hill has created the Fox home page on the
World Wide Web. Point your browser to http://mhhe.com/biosci/abio/ for
the most current information about Human Physiology, sixth edition, and
for additional supplementary material. Appendices Appendix A contains solutions
to the Clinical Investigations. Refer to this appendix only after you have attempted
to solve an investigation yourself. Appendix B consists of answers to the objective
questions included in the Review Activities sections. Glossary The glossary at the end
of the book has been updated with new terms and is particularly noteworthy for
its comprehensiveness. The definitions for almost all of the terms are accompanied
by pronunciation keys, and synonyms are indicated as appropriate. Whenever you
encounter an unfamiliar term or would like additional information about a term,
look it up in the glossary. Also, look to the glossary as you study for exams,
to check your understanding of the technical terminology. | 
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education