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Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 4/e
Rod R. Seeley, Idaho State University
Philip Tate, Phoenix College
Trent D. Stephens, Idaho State University
The Chemistry of Life

Study Outline

  1. Basic Chemistry
    1. Matter, Mass, and Weight
    2. Elements and Atoms(Table 2.1, p. 21)
    3. Atomic Structure(Fig. 2.1, p.21 and Fig. 2.2, p. 22)
      1. Nucleus
        1. Protons (+)
        2. Neutrons (neutral)
      2. Atomic numberClinical Focus: Clinical Applications of Atomic
      3. OrbitalsParticles, p. 26
        1. Electrons (-)
    4. Electrons and Chemical Bonding
      1. Ionic bonding(Fig. 2.3, p. 22, Table 2.2, p. 23)
      2. Covalent bonding(Fig. 2.4, p. 23)
        1. Single
        2. Double
        3. Polar(Fig. 2.5, p. 24)
      3. Hydrogen bonds(Fig. 2.6, p. 24)
    5. Molecules and Compounds
    6. Dissociation(Fig. 2.7, p. 25)
  2. Chemical Reactions
    1. Classification of Chemical Reactions
      1. Synthesis reactions
      2. Decomposition reactions
      3. Exchange reactions
    2. Reversible Reactions-equilibrium
    3. Energy and Chemical Reactions(Fig. 2.8, p. 28)
    4. Rate of Chemical Reactions
      1. Reactants
      2. Concentration
      3. Temperature of reactants
      4. Catalysts-enzymes
  3. Acids and Bases
    1. The pH scale(Fig. 2.9, p. 29)
      1. Neutral solution
      2. Acidic solution
      3. Alkaline, or Basic solution
    2. Salts
    3. Buffers(Fig. 2.10, p. 30)
  4. Inorganic Chemistry
    1. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
    2. Water
      1. Properties
        1. Stabilizes body temperature-absorbs heat
        2. Protection-lubricant
        3. Chemical reactions
        4. Transport-dissolve in water
  5. Organic Chemistry (Table 2.3, p. 31)
    1. Carbohydrates(Fig. 2.11, p. 32)
      1. Monosaccharides
      2. Disaccharides
      3. Polysaccharides
    2. Lipids(Fig. 2.12, p. 33)
      1. Fats (Triacylglycerols)(Fig. 2.13, p. 33)
        1. Saturated
        2. Unsaturated
        3. Phospholipids
        4. Steroids
    3. Proteins(Fig. 2.14, p. 35)
      1. Amino acids
      2. Denaturation
      3. Enzymes
        1. Activation energy(Fig. 2.15, p. 36)
        2. Lock and key model(Fig. 2.16, p. 36)
    4. Nucleic acids
      1. DNA(Fig. 2.17, p. 37)
      2. RNA








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