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| 1 | |
When a foreman in a manufacturing plant always hires additional workers when the amount of overtime work exceeds ten percent, this is an example of: |
| | A) | a programmed decision. |
| | B) | a nonprogrammed decision. |
| | C) | intuition. |
| | D) | the classical decision-making model. |
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| 2 | |
When Procter & Gamble attempts to develop a new type of shampoo, this is an example of: |
| | A) | a programmed decision. |
| | B) | a clasical decision. |
| | C) | a satisficing decision. |
| | D) | a nonprogrammed decision. |
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| 3 | |
Which would not be a programmed decision: |
| | A) | Buying paper for the organization. |
| | B) | Defending the organization against a hostile take-over bid. |
| | C) | Choosing another travel agency for the organization. |
| | D) | Updating the organization's policy manual. |
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| 4 | |
______ decision making occurs in response to unpredictable opportunities. |
| | A) | Programmed |
| | B) | Non-programmed |
| | C) | Rational |
| | D) | None of these |
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| 5 | |
The ______ model is an approach to decision making that explains why it is inherently uncertain and risky, and why managers usually make satisfactory rather than optimum decisions. |
| | A) | classical |
| | B) | appraisal |
| | C) | assessment |
| | D) | administrative |
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| 6 | |
March and Simon argue all of the following about managers, except: |
| | A) | They are constrained by bounded rationality. |
| | B) | They usually have access to all the information. |
| | C) | They rely on their intuition to make decisions. |
| | D) | They rely on their judgment to make decisions. |
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| 7 | |
The first step in the decision-making process is to: |
| | A) | list the alternative decisions. |
| | B) | select an alternative. |
| | C) | recognize the need for a decision. |
| | D) | seek feedback for the decision. |
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| 8 | |
When a manager must decide whether or not his organization has the resources and the ability to implement a possible solution to a problem, this is known as: |
| | A) | practicality. |
| | B) | profitability. |
| | C) | sensibility. |
| | D) | economic feasibility. |
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| 9 | |
When a manager conducts a retrospective analysis to see what he can learn from a past decision, this is an example of: |
| | A) | listing the alternatives. |
| | B) | selecting a course of action. |
| | C) | learning from feedback. |
| | D) | evaluating the possible courses of action. |
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| 10 | |
Once managers have generated a set of different alternative courses of action, they must evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each. Which of the following represent the four criteria managers should consider when evaluating alternative courses of action? |
| | A) | Legal, socially acceptable, profitable, practical |
| | B) | Ethical, economically feasible, socially acceptable, practical |
| | C) | Legal, ethical, profitable, sensible |
| | D) | Legal, ethical, economically feasible, practical |
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| 11 | |
When a manager continues to pour money and people into a project even though there is a lot of information that the project is failing, this is known as: |
| | A) | the illusion of control. |
| | B) | escalating commitment. |
| | C) | bounded rationality. |
| | D) | prior commitment bias. |
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| 12 | |
Heuristics are defined as: |
| | A) | Rules of thumb |
| | B) | Analytic tools for eliminating mental models |
| | C) | A type of cognitive bias |
| | D) | A style of decision making |
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| 13 | |
Cognitive biases are caused by systematic errors; sources of these errors include all but which of these: |
| | A) | Prior hypotheses |
| | B) | Representativeness |
| | C) | Duty of control |
| | D) | Escalating commitment |
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| 14 | |
A ________ bias is a cognitive bias resulting from the tendency to generalize inappropriately from a small sample. |
| | A) | prior hypothesis |
| | B) | representative |
| | C) | duty of control |
| | D) | generalization |
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| 15 | |
All of the following are conditions that encourage creativity EXCEPT: |
| | A) | people must be given opportunities and freedom to generate new ideas. |
| | B) | reward those with creative ideas and punish those with ideas that don't work. |
| | C) | provide opportunities to experiment, take risks and make mistakes. |
| | D) | reward intrapreneurs equitably |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following is not an element of a sustainability strategy: |
| | A) | protect the environment |
| | B) | promote social responsibility |
| | C) | increase cultural differences |
| | D) | provide an economic benefit |
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| 17 | |
The number of units of a certain model of a personal computer that were sold last month is an example of: |
| | A) | data. |
| | B) | information. |
| | C) | artificial intelligence. |
| | D) | MIS. |
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| 18 | |
A chart that shows the number of units of a product sold over each of the past twelve months is an example of: |
| | A) | artificial intelligence. |
| | B) | data. |
| | C) | MIS. |
| | D) | information. |
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| 19 | |
If Air Canada adjusts it ticket prices each hour based on the number of seats sold and the prices of competitors for each flight, it is using: |
| | A) | artificial intelligence. |
| | B) | real-time information. |
| | C) | an expert system. |
| | D) | a DSS. |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following factors determines the usefulness of information to a manager?
I. Accuracy
II. Reliability
III. Relevance
IV. Ambiguity |
| | A) | I, II, |
| | B) | I, III, IV |
| | C) | I, II, III |
| | D) | I, II, III, IV |
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