| perception | the process by which we make sense out of experience
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| selective perception | the means of interpreting experience in a way that conforms to one's beliefs, expectations, and convictions
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| figure-ground principle | a strategy that facilitates the organization of stimuli by enabling us to focus on different stimuli alternately
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| perceptual constancy | the desire to perceive experience exactly as we have perceived it in the past
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| cultural nearsightedness | the failure to understand that we do not attribute the same meanings to similar behavioral clues.
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| perceptual sets | expectations that produce a readiness to process experience in a predetermined way
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| selective exposure | the selection of stimuli that reaffirm existing attitudes, beliefs, and values
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| selective perception | this means only seeing and hearing what we choose
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| closure | the means we use to perceive a complete world
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| first impressions | the making of an initial judgment
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| primacy effect | the ability of one's first impression to color subsequent impressions
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| stereotype | a generalization about people, places, or events held by many members of a society
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| prejudice | a biased, negative attitude toward a particular group of people; a negative prejudgment based on membership in a social category
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| allness | The erroneous belief that any one person could know all there is to know about anything
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| blindering | the process by which one unconsciously adds restrictions that limit one's perceptual capabilities
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| fact | that which is known to be true based on observation
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| inference | an assumption with varying degrees of accuracy
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| virtual reality | an environment that exists as data in a computer system
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education