Chapter Objectives

I.

Define and distinguish between theory, hypotheses, and the scientific method.

II.

Compare and contrast Freud's psychoanalytic theory with Erikson's psychoanalytic theory.

III.

Describe Piaget's theory of cognitive development and explain how it differs from Vygotsky's sociocultural cognitive theory and the information-processing approach.

IV.

Understand the basic principles underlying the behavioral theories.

V.

Understand how social cognitive theory has been modified in recent years.

VI.

Describe the basic concepts from ethological theories.

VII.

Consider how Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory is similar to and different from social cognitive theory.

VIII.

Describe what is meant by an eclectic theoretical orientation.

IX.

Describe the different research measures used by developmental psychologists.

X.

Compare and contrast the correlational and experimental strategies for collecting information scientifically.

XI.

Define independent variable, dependent variable, and random assignment, and explain why causal conclusions cannot be made from correlational studies.

XII.

Describe cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential approaches to research, then define cohort effects and their role in each type of study.

XIII.

Grasp the basics of understanding professional journal articles.

XIX.

Understand the standard ethics of developmental research.

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