Chapter Objectives

I.

Understand the shift in development of self-understanding during middle and late childhood.

II.

Define self-esteem and self-concept, and discuss ways to increase children's self-esteem.

III.

Explain Erik Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development.

IV.

Examine the changes in emotional development that take place in this period and discuss emotional intelligence.

V.

Describe Kohlberg's theory of moral development, as well as criticisms of it.

VI.

Discuss Carol Gilligan's alternate theory of moral development.

VII.

Define prosocial behavior and altruism, and understand ways to increase altruism in children.

VIII.

Examine gender stereotypes and gender similarities and differences.

IX.

Discuss gender-role classification, including androgyny and gender-role transcendence, and the importance of considering gender in context.

X.

Explain how parent-child interactions in the family change during middle and late childhood.

XI.

Describe both the short-term and long-term effects of living in stepfamilies.

XII.

Define the term latchkey children and elaborate on ways to reduce the risk to these children.

XIII.

Expound on the four peer statuses.

XIV.

Identify the parent-child relationships that characterize bullies and victims, as well as the effects of bullying and strategies to reduce bullying.

XV.

Explain what social cognition is and why it is important.

XVI.

Examine the importance of children's friendships.

XVII.

Discuss the transition to elementary schools, how socioeconomic status and ethnicity impact education, and ways to improve relations among ethnically diverse groups.

XVIII.

Examine the cross-cultural differences in levels of achievement.

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