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1 | |
Erik Erikson believed that which final life-cycle stage characterizes late adulthood?
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| | A) | integrity versus despair
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| | B) | trust versus mistrust
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| | C) | generativity versus stagnation
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| | D) | intimacy versus isolation
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2 | |
Older adults who have derived part of their identity from their physical appearance are going to have the most difficult time with Peck's _______ developmental stage.
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| | A) | differentiation versus role preoccupation
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| | B) | ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation
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| | C) | keeping the meaning versus rigidity
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| | D) | body transcendence versus body preoccupation
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3 | |
Which of the following developmental tasks, according to Robert Peck (1968), requires older adults to face and accept the reality of death and the value of their lives?
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| | A) | life review versus life satisfaction
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| | B) | differentiation versus role preoccupation
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| | C) | body transcendence versus body preoccupation
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| | D) | ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation
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4 | |
Which is the LEAST likely outcome of life review? |
| | A) | increased fear of death |
| | B) | the discovery of the meaning of one's life |
| | C) | a new sense of self |
| | D) | an opportunity to share insights with significant others |
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5 | |
Those who adopt a disengagement theory of aging believe that:
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| | A) | as older adults slow down, they gradually withdraw from society.
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| | B) | the more active adults are, the less likely they will age.
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| | C) | the more active adults are, the more satisfied they will be.
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| | D) | reduced social interaction leads to decreased satisfaction with life.
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6 | |
When Rosaria sold her business and retired, she gradually became less active and began to withdraw from society. This is an example of the theory of aging.
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| | A) | activity
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| | B) | life review
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| | C) | life satisfaction
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| | D) | disengagement
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7 | |
Omar, an older retired adult who maintains his interest in friends, gold, and the stock market, illustrates which theory of aging?
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| | A) | engagement
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| | B) | disengagement
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| | C) | activity
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| | D) | social construction
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8 | |
Activity theory holds that when one of an older person's roles is taken away, the individual should:
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| | A) | withdraw from society.
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| | B) | become self-preoccupied.
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| | C) | lessen emotional ties with others.
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| | D) | find a replacement role.
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9 | |
Socioemotional selectivity theory argues that older adults deliberately withdraw from social contact with:
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| | A) | individuals peripheral to their lives.
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| | B) | close friends.
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| | C) | family members.
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| | D) | all but a few close family members and health-care professionals.
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10 | |
According to socioemotional selectivity theory, older adults narrow their social circles:
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| | A) | because they are preparing for death.
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| | B) | to have social partners who satisfy their emotional needs.
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| | C) | because it is more difficult for them to maintain large social networks.
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| | D) | as they become increasingly depressed.
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11 | |
Research by Kasser and Ryan (1999) assessing the emotional well-being of older adults in nursing homes found that is linked with overall well-being.
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| | A) | emotional quality
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| | B) | number of the residents' social contacts
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| | C) | education
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| | D) | activity level
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12 | |
According to the optimization component of the selective optimization with compensation model, a 70-year-old secretary who complains about her poor eyesight interfering with her proofreading skills should:
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| | A) | use positive affirmations to remind herself of her excellent skills in the past.
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| | B) | just accept the fact that she cannot perform the way she used to.
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| | C) | practice grammar and spell-checking during her off-time.
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| | D) | quit her job.
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13 | |
In a cross-sectional study of the personal life investments of adults, the most important personal investment for 85 to 105-year-olds was their:
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| | A) | family.
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| | B) | independence.
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| | C) | friends.
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| | D) | health.
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14 | |
___________ is a term that is defined as prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults.
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| | A) | Scapegoating
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| | B) | Ageism
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| | C) | The generation gap
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| | D) | Senility
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15 | |
All of the following are examples of ageism EXCEPT:
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| | A) | not being hired for a new job.
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| | B) | when older couples holding hands are labeled as "cute" and "adorable."
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| | C) | when older adults are asked to serve as "grandparents" for teenage parents.
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| | D) | being eased out of their jobs because they are perceived as feebleminded.
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16 | |
The increased number of adults living to an older age has led to active efforts to do all of the following EXCEPT:
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| | A) | improve society's image of the elderly.
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| | B) | obtain better living conditions for older adults.
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| | C) | find suitable employment for older adults.
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| | D) | gain political clout.
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17 | |
People over 65 make up about 12 percent of the population and account for percent of the total health-care bill in the United States.
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| | A) | about 12
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| | B) | over 30
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| | C) | over 40
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| | D) | over 50
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18 | |
One special concern over the current medical system is that it is ____________ oriented, while most elderly health problems are ____________ .
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| | A) | care/chronic
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| | B) | care/acute
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| | C) | cure/chronic.
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| | D) | cure/acute.
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19 | |
Due to the increase in chronic illnesses as people age, many older people are cared for in their homes. This necessitates:
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| | A) | more Medicare assistance.
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| | B) | cooperation among health-care professionals, patients, and family members.
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| | C) | that doctors return to the practice of making house calls.
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| | D) | improved facilities for placing elders so their adult children can live their lives.
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20 | |
Problems with eldercare include all of the following EXCEPT:
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| | A) | age of the persons giving the care.
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| | B) | the increasing number of women in the job market.
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| | C) | lack of cooperation from medical professionals.
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| | D) | costs.
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21 | |
A policy issue that focuses on the greater amount of resources received by the elderly compared to those received by younger adults is referred to as:
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| | A) | generational inequity.
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| | B) | eldercare.
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| | C) | ageism.
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| | D) | role preoccupation.
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22 | |
In stating that it is a disgrace to an affluent society such as ours that we have such large numbers of poor children, Bernice Neugarten (1988) stresses:
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| | A) | we must reassess the sums of money going to the elderly, and reallocate some of those funds to children.
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| | B) | the only way to meet the needs of both our youth and our elders is to reallocate funds from other social programs.
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| | C) | the elderly have already lived their lives; it is the children who need the funds to have a better chance to succeed.
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| | D) | the problem should not be viewed as one of generational equity, but a shortcoming in our economic and social policies.
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23 | |
Since the early 1980s, the percentage of older persons living in poverty has:
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| | A) | increased slightly.
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| | B) | increased dramatically.
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| | C) | decreased dramatically.
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| | D) | remained consistent.
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24 | |
The average income of retired Americans is:
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| | A) | approximately 80 percent of what they earned at the time they retired.
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| | B) | about half of what they earned when they were fully employed.
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| | C) | greater than what they earned while working once we consider they have fewer work-related expenses such as meals, work clothes, etc.
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| | D) | about the same as what they earned while working once we consider they have fewer work-related expenses such as meals, work clothes, etc.
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25 | |
Sixty-year-old Anna is a widowed African American woman living alone. If she is typical of single, elderly African-American females in the United States, it is most likely that Anna is:
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| | A) | emotionally depressed.
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| | B) | among the physically disabled.
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| | C) | poor.
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| | D) | more in control of her life.
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26 | |
Within the United States, which of the following groups of older people would be the poorest?
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| | A) | African American females
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| | B) | Latina females
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| | C) | Asian American females
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| | D) | ethnic American males who must depend on churches for assistance
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27 | |
The majority of elderly adults prefer to live:
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| | A) | alone or with spouses.
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| | B) | with an adult child or other relative.
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| | C) | in a retirement community.
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| | D) | in the Sunbelt.
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28 | |
Retirement seems to lead to greatest changes in a:
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| | A) | "traditional" family with a working male and a homemaking female.
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| | B) | family where both spouses work and retire at the same time.
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| | C) | family in which both spouses work, but retire at different times.
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| | D) | single-parent household.
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29 | |
The traditional older couple adjusts best to retirement when:
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| | A) | the husband gets a part-time job.
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| | B) | the wife gets a part-time job.
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| | C) | both members of the couple become more expressive.
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| | D) | both members of the couple become more independent.
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30 | |
Regarding their relationship with grandchildren, most grandparents report that:
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| | A) | grandchildren these days show little respect for their elders.
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| | B) | grandfathers are more satisfied than grandmothers.
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| | C) | older grandparents, compared with younger grandparents, are more likely to be strict with their grandchildren.
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| | D) | grandparenting is less difficult than parenting.
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31 | |
Which of the following facts about grandparents is TRUE?
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| | A) | Grandfathers are more satisfied with the grandparenting role than grandmothers.
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| | B) | Younger grandparents are less willing to care for grandchildren than older grandparents.
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| | C) | Paternal grandparents spend less time with their grandchildren than material grandparents.
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| | D) | About 50 percent of grandparents say they are happy with their relationship with their grandchildren.
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32 | |
In the __________ style of grandparenting, according to Neugarten and Weinstein (1964), grandchildren are a source of leisure activity, and mutual satisfaction is emphasized.
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| | A) | formal
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| | B) | fun-seeking
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| | C) | distant figure
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| | D) | nurturant
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33 | |
Which child is most likely to be raised by a single grandmother?
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| | A) | Aisha, who is African American
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| | B) | Greg, who is White
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| | C) | Kim, who is Korean
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| | D) | Maria, who is Latina
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34 | |
Laura, an elderly woman, will be most content if she:
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| | A) | continues to make new friends.
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| | B) | has at least one close person in her network.
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| | C) | has several close people in her network.
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| | D) | remarries after her divorce.
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35 | |
All of the following support systems help elderly ethnic minority individuals survive in the dominant White world EXCEPT:
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| | A) | families.
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| | B) | income from Social Security.
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| | C) | churches.
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| | D) | neighbors.
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36 | |
Who is the best example of the concept of "triple jeopardy"?
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| | A) | Maximilian, who is 75 years old, White, and male
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| | B) | Mattia, who is 75 years old, African American, and female
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| | C) | Carlos, who is 15 years old, Latino, and male
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| | D) | Yeh, who is 15 years old, Asian, and female
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37 | |
Eula is typical of elderly African American women in cities. Consequently, we would expect her to value all of the following EXCEPT:
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| | A) | solitude.
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| | B) | her family.
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| | C) | the American work ethic.
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| | D) | her religion.
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38 | |
Which 72-year-old has a characteristic that is NOT typically associated with elevating the status of elderly individuals within a culture?
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| | A) | Uri, who like most people in his country, will live to be about 90
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| | B) | Henry, who controls his family's wealth
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| | C) | Haing, who possesses information valuable to the welfare of his country
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| | D) | James, who is given promotions and more authority in his company based on performance and time on the job
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39 | |
The concept of ____________ is often used to describe perceived control over the environment and the ability to produce positive outcomes.
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| | A) | self-esteem
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| | B) | self-control
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| | C) | self-efficacy
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| | D) | self-satisfaction
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Match the following persons with the statement or theory that most closely reflects their perspective:
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40 | |
Bernice Neugarten
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| | A) | Being embedded in a family is a positive aspect of life for older adults
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| | B) | Believes late adulthood is characterized by integrity versus despair
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| | C) | The top priority for middle-aged women should be economic security
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| | D) | Suggests thinking what a positive spirit of aging would mean to America
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| | E) | Said adults who have several close people in their network seem content
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| | F) | Believes older adults must pursue a set of value activities
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| | G) | Believes life review is set in motion by looking forward to death
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| | H) | Successful aging is related to selection, optimization, & compensation
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41 | |
Laura Carstensen
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| | A) | Being embedded in a family is a positive aspect of life for older adults
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| | B) | Believes late adulthood is characterized by integrity versus despair
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| | C) | The top priority for middle-aged women should be economic security
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| | D) | Suggests thinking what a positive spirit of aging would mean to America
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| | E) | Said adults who have several close people in their network seem content
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| | F) | Believes older adults must pursue a set of value activities
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| | G) | Believes life review is set in motion by looking forward to death
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| | H) | Successful aging is related to selection, optimization, & compensation
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42 | |
Erik Erikson
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| | A) | Being embedded in a family is a positive aspect of life for older adults
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| | B) | Believes late adulthood is characterized by integrity versus despair
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| | C) | The top priority for middle-aged women should be economic security
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| | D) | Suggests thinking what a positive spirit of aging would mean to America
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| | E) | Said adults who have several close people in their network seem content
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| | F) | Believes older adults must pursue a set of value activities
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| | G) | Believes life review is set in motion by looking forward to death
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| | H) | Successful aging is related to selection, optimization, & compensation
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43 | |
Robert Peck
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| | A) | Being embedded in a family is a positive aspect of life for older adults
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| | B) | Believes late adulthood is characterized by integrity versus despair
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| | C) | The top priority for middle-aged women should be economic security
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| | D) | Suggests thinking what a positive spirit of aging would mean to America
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| | E) | Said adults who have several close people in their network seem content
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| | F) | Believes older adults must pursue a set of value activities
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| | G) | Believes life review is set in motion by looking forward to death
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| | H) | Successful aging is related to selection, optimization, & compensation
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44 | |
Robert Butler
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| | A) | Being embedded in a family is a positive aspect of life for older adults
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| | B) | Believes late adulthood is characterized by integrity versus despair
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| | C) | The top priority for middle-aged women should be economic security
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| | D) | Suggests thinking what a positive spirit of aging would mean to America
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| | E) | Said adults who have several close people in their network seem content
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| | F) | Believes older adults must pursue a set of value activities
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| | G) | Believes life review is set in motion by looking forward to death
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| | H) | Successful aging is related to selection, optimization, & compensation
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45 | |
Paul Baltes
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| | A) | Being embedded in a family is a positive aspect of life for older adults
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| | B) | Believes late adulthood is characterized by integrity versus despair
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| | C) | The top priority for middle-aged women should be economic security
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| | D) | Suggests thinking what a positive spirit of aging would mean to America
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| | E) | Said adults who have several close people in their network seem content
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| | F) | Believes older adults must pursue a set of value activities
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| | G) | Believes life review is set in motion by looking forward to death
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| | H) | Successful aging is related to selection, optimization, & compensation
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46 | |
Lillian Troll
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| | A) | Being embedded in a family is a positive aspect of life for older adults
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| | B) | Believes late adulthood is characterized by integrity versus despair
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| | C) | The top priority for middle-aged women should be economic security
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| | D) | Suggests thinking what a positive spirit of aging would mean to America
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| | E) | Said adults who have several close people in their network seem content
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| | F) | Believes older adults must pursue a set of value activities
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| | G) | Believes life review is set in motion by looking forward to death
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| | H) | Successful aging is related to selection, optimization, & compensation
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47 | |
Mary Rose Oakar
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| | A) | Being embedded in a family is a positive aspect of life for older adults
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| | B) | Believes late adulthood is characterized by integrity versus despair
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| | C) | The top priority for middle-aged women should be economic security
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| | D) | Suggests thinking what a positive spirit of aging would mean to America
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| | E) | Said adults who have several close people in their network seem content
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| | F) | Believes older adults must pursue a set of value activities
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| | G) | Believes life review is set in motion by looking forward to death
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| | H) | Successful aging is related to selection, optimization, & compensation
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education