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1 | |
When a person holds two attitudes or thoughts that contradict each other, ___________ occurs. |
| | A) | social cognition |
| | B) | cognitive dissonance |
| | C) | fundamental attribution error |
| | D) | compliance |
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2 | |
______________ theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the causes of that behavior are. |
| | A) | Attribution |
| | B) | Attitude |
| | C) | Social influence |
| | D) | Social cognition |
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3 | |
According to the halo effect, if we perceive a person as having positive traits, we expect that person to |
| | A) | have an equal number of negative traits. |
| | B) | be superficial and "hide" their true self. |
| | C) | be arrogant, hence causing a jealous reaction. |
| | D) | have other uniformly positive characteristics. |
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4 | |
What is a change in behavior or attitude brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people? |
| | A) | compliance |
| | B) | conformity |
| | C) | obedience |
| | D) | social influence |
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5 | |
What sales tactic is being used when a fund-raiser asks for a large donation, expecting a refusal, and then asks for a much smaller amount? |
| | A) | that's-not-all |
| | B) | foot-in-the-door |
| | C) | door-in-the-face |
| | D) | not-so-free sample |
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6 | |
Which of the following statements about two people's initial attraction to each other is true? |
| | A) | Repeated exposure to a person can produce attraction. |
| | B) | Opposites attract. |
| | C) | Physical beauty is not important. |
| | D) | Living near each other often decreases attraction. |
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7 | |
Konrad Lorenz believed that the longer energy is built up, the greater the amount of the aggression will be displayed when it is discharged. This reflects the ______________ approach to explaining aggression. |
| | A) | frustration-aggression |
| | B) | catharsis |
| | C) | observational learning |
| | D) | antisocial behavioral |
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8 | |
Sternberg defines __________ love as the combination of two components, passion and decision/commitment. |
| | A) | companionate |
| | B) | romantic |
| | C) | fatuous |
| | D) | empty |
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9 | |
In the Milgram shock-learning experiment, what was the main reason participants obeyed their orders? |
| | A) | They were threatened with serious punishment if they disobeyed. |
| | B) | They believed the experimenter would take responsibility for their actions. |
| | C) | They had just seen a film showing disobedient people being punished. |
| | D) | The participants believed that they had no option to disobey. |
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10 | |
An African-American teen reads a book that claims that blacks may be intellectually inferior to whites; as a result, he loses motivation to work hard in school. This is an example of a(n) |
| | A) | self-fulfilling prophecy. |
| | B) | case of reverse discrimination. |
| | C) | norm of equity. |
| | D) | invasion of privacy. |
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11 | |
Finding that cultures vary widely in aggressive behaviors would support the ______________ theory of aggression because cultures provide unique models for their members. |
| | A) | instinct |
| | B) | frustration-aggression |
| | C) | learned helplessness |
| | D) | observational learning |
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12 | |
Diffusion of responsibility promotes bystander inaction because it |
| | A) | suggests that the person who helps may have to pay for the victim's recovery. |
| | B) | relieves onlookers from feeling responsible to do anything. |
| | C) | encourages onlookers not to notice that an emergency exists. |
| | D) | reminds onlookers that "good Samaritans" have been ambushed before. |
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13 | |
Schemas are especially influential in social cognition when we |
| | A) | know little about the target person. |
| | B) | commit the fundamental attribution error. |
| | C) | know the target person very well. |
| | D) | are prone to diffuse our own responsibility. |
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14 | |
In business law, a contract that one is forced to sign is invalid. This implies that a contract's validity hinges upon the degree to which the signing of the contract was due to a(an)______________ cause. |
| | A) | unconscious |
| | B) | dispositional |
| | C) | situational |
| | D) | cathartic |
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15 | |
Two rats are caged together and they get along fine. Suddenly and unavoidably, they feel painful electric shocks through the metal floor, and they attack each other. This outcome supports the ______________ theory of aggression. |
| | A) | altruistic |
| | B) | instinct |
| | C) | observational learning |
| | D) | frustration-aggression |
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