Choose the best answer.

1		Which of the following is an example of a genome?
			A)	The F factor.
			B)	A homologous pair of chromosomes.
			C)	All the DNA contained in an embryonic plant.
			D)	All the DNA contained in a human gamete.
2		Why are viruses not considered to be living organisms?
			A)	They rely on host cells for all energy requiring activities.
			B)	They do not contain genetic material.
			C)	They have a very primitive cellular structure.
			D)	All of the above.
			E)	None of the above.
3		How might directed assembly be a benefit to the virus?
			A)	It can utilize a wider array of building materials.
			B)	It can produce a more complex viral particle.
			C)	It requires less genes than self assembly.
			D)	It is not likely to be beneficial to the virus.
4		Scientists have identified a new bacterial species which typically has 6-10 nucleoids per cell. How many copies of the bacterial chromosome would you expect are present in each cell?
			A)	3-5
			B)	6-10
			C)	12-20
			D)	There is not enough information here to determine.
5		Which type of gene sequence occupies the most space in the bacterial chromosome?
			A)	Origins of replication.
			B)	Structural gene sequences.
			C)	Intergenic regions.
			D)	A and B equally.
			E)	None of the above.
6		What are topoisomers?
			A)	DNA structures that vary by a single nucleotide.
			B)	DNA structures that vary in length.
			C)	DNA structures that vary in conformation.
			D)	DNA structures that vary in orientation of the backbones.
7		Which of the following is an effect that might be caused by supercoiling in bacterial cells?
			A)	Negative supercoiling can increase the tendency for strand separation in some regions.
			B)	Negative supercoiling can greatly increase the size of the chromosome.
			C)	Positive supercoiling can enhance gene activation.
			D)	Positive supercoiling can interfere with the process of DNA replication.
8		Which of the following is a description of chromatin?
			A)	All the genetic sequences contained by members of a particular species.
			B)	The DNA-protein complex which comprises eukaryotic chromosomes.
			C)	Repetitive sequences contained within the genome of an organism.
			D)	The protein coding sequences and their regulatory elements.
9		Which of the following structures of a eukaryotic chromosome is not primarily composed of DNA?
			A)	Telomeres.
			B)	Origin of replication.
			C)	Kinetochore.
			D)	Centromere.
10		What is a major function of the telomeres?
			A)	They prevent chromosomes from fusing with each other.
			B)	They prevent chromosomes from shrinking due to DNA loss during replication.
			C)	They allow chromosomes to segregate properly during cell division.
			D)	A and B.
			E)	None of the above.
11		In fruit flies, a gene called bicoid controls embryonic development. What type of DNA would you expect this gene to be?
			A)	Nonrepetitive sequences.
			B)	Moderately repetitive sequences.
			C)	Highly repetitive sequences.
			D)	Retroelements.
			E)	None of these.
12		Which of these was not a key observation in designing experiment 10A?
			A)	The Drosophila genome contains a high proportion of heterochromatin.
			B)	AT base pairs are more dense than GC base pairs.
			C)	DNA fragments can be separated by relative density.
			D)	All of these were key observations.
			E)	None of the above is correct.
13		How do DNAs with a slow rate of renaturation compare to those with a high rate of renaturation?
			A)	Slow renaturing DNAs are longer than fast renaturing DNAs.
			B)	Slow renaturing DNAs have more AT base pairs than fast renaturing DNAs.
			C)	Slow renaturing DNAs are less repetitive than fast renaturing DNAs.
			D)	Slow renaturing DNAs are less likely to contain protein coding sequences than fast renaturing DNAs.
14		Which of the following statements regarding a nucleosome is correct?
			A)	It contains a single large protein which is connected to DNA by smaller linker proteins.
			B)	It contains approximately 146 base pairs of DNa.
			C)	It includes histone and nonhistone proteins.
			D)	All of these.
			E)	None of these.
15		DNase protection experiments were used to support the beads on a string model of chromatin structure. Which of the following statements would apply to DNase protection experiments?
			A)	DNase can cut DNA whether or not it is bound to proteins.
			B)	DNase can only cut highly condensed DNa.
			C)	Proteins which are tightly bound to DNA can prevent DNase digestion.
			D)	Proteins are digested by DNase.
16		Which of the following is a correct order of levels of chromatin compaction?
			A)	Nucleosomes, 30 nm fibers, radial loop domains.
			B)	30 nm fibers, nucleosomes, radial loop domains.
			C)	Nucleosomes, radial loop domains, 30 nm fibers.
			D)	Radial loop domains, nucleosomes, 30 nm fibers.
17		Which of the following is an example of constitutive heterochromatin?
			A)	The Barr body.
			B)	A region of active gene expression.
			C)	Telomeres.
			D)	A and B.
			E)	None of these.
18		Viral genomes are composed of DNA.
			A)	True
			B)	False
19		Directed assembly is a critical process for replication of TMV (tobacco mosaic virus).
			A)	True
			B)	False
20		Bacterial and eukaryotic chromosomes each have a single origin of replication.
			A)	True
			B)	False
21		Supercoiling generally prevents information within the DNA from being read.
			A)	True
			B)	False
22		Eukaryotic genomes must be highly compacted to fit with the nucleus.
			A)	True
			B)	False
23		Satellite DNAs in an individual have different AT/GC composition than the majority of DNA in that individual.
			A)	True
			B)	False
24		Proteins bound to the DNA are constant over the life of the cell.
			A)	True
			B)	False
25		Histone proteins bind to both the core DNA and the linker DNA.
			A)	True
			B)	False
26		Compaction of DNA involves interaction with the nuclear matrix.
			A)	True
			B)	False
27		Active genes are probably located in euchromatic regions of DNA.
			A)	True
			B)	False
28		Condensin plays a critical role in the formation of metaphase chromosomes.
			A)	True
			B)	False