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Study Outline
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  1. Viral Genomes
    1. Viral genomes are relatively small and can be composed of RNA or DNA
    2. Viral genomes are packaged into the capsid in an assembly process
  2. Bacterial Chromosomes
    1. Bacterial chromosomes contain circular DNA molecules in which a few thousand gene sequences are interspersed with other functionally important sequences
    2. The formation of chromosomal loops helps make the bacterial chromosome more compact
    3. DNA supercoiling further compacts the bacterial chromosome
    4. Chromosome function is influenced by DNA supercoiling
  3. Eukaryotic Chromosomes
    1. The sizes of eukaryotic genomes vary substantially
    2. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain many functionally important sequences including genes, origins of replication, centromeres, and telomeres
    3. The genome of eukaryotes contains sequences that are unique, moderately repetitive, and highly repetitive
    4. Highly repetitive DNA can be separated from the rest of the chromosomal DNA by equilibrium density centrifugation
    5. Sequence complexity can be evaluated in a renaturation experiment
    6. Eukaryotic chromatin must be compacted to fit within the cell
    7. Linear DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, the repeating structural unit of chromatin
    8. The repeating nucleosome structure is revealed by digestion of the linker region
    9. Nucleosomes become closely associated to form a 30 nm fiber
    10. Chromosomes are further compacted by anchoring the 30 nm fiber into radial loop domains along the nuclear matrix
    11. Condensin and cohesin promote the formation of metaphase chromosomes







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