Choose the best answer.

1		Which of the following is not required for accurate transcription?
			A)	Regulatory information within the DNA.
			B)	Proteins which bind to the DNA.
			C)	Proteins which copy the information from the DNA.
			D)	All of these are required.
			E)	None of these are required.
2		The closed promoter complex consists of all of the following except:
			A)	Promoter region of the DNA.
			B)	RNA polymerase.
			C)	Transcription factors.
			D)	Helicase.
3		Which type(s) of RNA molecule has(have) the primary function of modifying other RNA molecules?
			A)	RNA of RNaseP.
			B)	snRNa.
			C)	scRNa.
			D)	A and B.
			E)	All of the above.
4		If you have a strain of bacteria that produce nonfunctional sigma factor, which step of transcription would you expect will be affected?
			A)	These bacteria will be unable to assemble RNA polymerase onto the DNA strand.
			B)	These bacteria will be unable to identify and tightly bind promoter elements.
			C)	These bacteria will be unable to convert a closed complex to an open complex.
			D)	These bacteria will be unable to synthesize RNA once an open complex is formed.
5		Which of the following mutations would you expect to have the most significant effect on DNA binding by the transcription factor depicted in figure 12.5?
			A)	A conservative substitution in α helix 1.
			B)	A conservative substitution in α helix 2.
			C)	A nonconservative substitution in α helix 3.
			D)	A nonconservative substitution in the turn region.
6		What is the primary factor involved in termination of RNA synthesis?
			A)	Temporary stabilization of the RNA:DNA hybrid region.
			B)	Synthesis of a specific termination signal in the RNA.
			C)	Destabilization of hydrogen bonding between DNA and RNA within the open complex.
			D)	Recognition of a termination signal on the DNA by termination proteins.
7		Which type of transcriptional termination requires formation of a stem loop secondary structure in the RNA?
			A)	ρ dependent
			B)	ρ independent
			C)	polymerase independent
			D)	Both A and B.
			E)	None of the above.
8		Intrinsic terminators are:
			A)	RNA sequences that assist in termination of transcription.
			B)	DNA sequences that assist in termination of transcription.
			C)	Proteins that assist in termination of transcription.
			D)	All of these.
			E)	None of these.
9		Which statement could NOT describe both eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription?
			A)	Promoter elements in the DNA are required for polymerase binding.
			B)	Transcription factors control the binding of RNA polymerase.
			C)	RNA polymerase opens a double stranded DNA to expose the template strand.
			D)	RNA polymerase catalyzes RNA synthesis from 3' to 5' of the new strand.
			E)	None of these (all apply to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription).
10		What would you expect to be the effect of a mutation of RNA polymerase that removed the rudder region?
			A)	DNA would not be opened to expose the template strand.
			B)	Nucleotides would not base pair correctly with the template strand.
			C)	Nucleotides would not be connected into an RNA strand.
			D)	RNA would not be released from the template DNA.
11		Which of the following is an example of a cis acting factor in eukaryotic transcription?
			A)	RNA polymerase II.
			B)	Transcription factors.
			C)	Enhancers.
			D)	All of these.
			E)	None of these.
12		Which of the following RNA modifications could best be described as "removal of intervening sequences"?
			A)	Trimming.
			B)	5' capping.
			C)	Poly-A tailing.
			D)	Splicing.
			E)	RNA editing or base modification.
13		When studying eukaryotic enzymes in relation to their prokaryotic counterparts, you discover that some eukaryotic enzymes seem to consist of several regions, each of which performs the function of a separate enzyme in bacteria. Which of the following explanations would you be most likely to accept?
			A)	Random mutation has generated these multi-function eukaryotic enzymes.
			B)	A polycistronic transcript in bacteria became a polycistronic transcript in eukaryotic cells.
			C)	Several genes located near each other in bacteria became transcribed together and the intervening sequences spliced out.
			D)	Similar regulatory elements for each of the prokaryotic proteins allowed them to be expressed together.
14		Which of the following would be expected to demonstrate that mRNA contains introns?
			A)	A comparison of the DNA and mRNA sequences.
			B)	A comparison of the genomic DNA and cDNA sequences.
			C)	A hybridization between DNA and mRNA molecules.
			D)	All of these.
			E)	None of these.
15		Which of the following statements about RNA splicing is NOT correct?
			A)	Some introns can splice themselves out.
			B)	Splicing is required for some tRNAs.
			C)	The final step of splicing is formation of a phosphodiester linkage.
			D)	Introns often have a specific function after they are removed.
			E)	None of these; all of the above statements are correct.
16		Which of the following would you expect to find if you took apart a spliceosome?
			A)	RNA only.
			B)	Protein only.
			C)	Both RNA and protein.
			D)	Neither RNA nor protein.
17		Which of the following is a critical function of the 5' cap of eukaryotic mRNAs?
			A)	Protection from inappropriate splicing.
			B)	Synthesis of the polyA tail.
			C)	Transport of mRNAs into the nucleus.
			D)	Recognition of the 5' end of the transcript by a ribosome.
18		Which of the following pairs is not correctly described?
			A)	5' splice site: begins with GU, marks 5' end of intron
			B)	Branch site: contains A that binds U2; branch site of lariat
			C)	3' splice site: begins with AG, marks 3' end of intron
			D)	Trimer: consists of U4/U6 and U5, brings 5' splice site to branch site
			E)	All of these are correctly matched.
19		From the promoter of the gene, you would expect the coding strand to run 5' to 3'.
			A)	True
			B)	False
20		Regulatory sequences are DNA sequences which encode transcription factors.
			A)	True
			B)	False
21		During transcription, the RNA polymerase would be expected to spend the majority of its time in the open complex rather than the closed complex.
			A)	True
			B)	False
22		The product of a structural gene is mRNA and then a polypeptide.
			A)	True
			B)	False
23		A site designated +15 would be located within the promoter of the gene.
			A)	True
			B)	False
24		Bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme consists of four subunits.
			A)	True
			B)	False
25		Intrinsic termination requires the rho protein.
			A)	True
			B)	False
26		Both types of transcriptional termination rely on stem-loop structures in the newly transcribed RNA.
			A)	True
			B)	False
27		Regulation of genes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes requires cis and trans acting factors.
			A)	True
			B)	False
28		Only proteins can be biological catalysts.
			A)	True
			B)	False