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Study Outline
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  1. Overview of Transcription
    1. Gene expression requires base sequences that perform different functional roles
    2. The three stages of transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination
    3. RNA transcripts have different functions
  2. Transcription in bacteria
    1. A promoter is a short sequence of DNA that is necessary to initiate transcription
    2. Bacterial transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase holoenzyme binds at a promoter sequence
    3. The RNA transcript is synthesized during the elongation stage
    4. Transcription is terminated by either an RNA-binding protein or an intrinsic terminator
  3. Transcription in Eukaryotes
    1. Eukaryotes have multiple RNA polymerases that are structurally similar to the bacterial enzyme
    2. Eukaryotic structural genes have a core promoter and regulatory elements
    3. Transcription of eukaryotic structural genes is initiated when RNA polymerase II and general transcription factors bind to a promoter sequence
    4. Chromatin structure plays a key role in gene transcription
  4. RNA Modification
    1. Some large RNA transcripts are processed to smaller functional transcripts by enzymatic cleavage
    2. Introns were experimentally identified via microscopy
    3. Three different splicing mechanisms can remove introns
    4. The ends of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs have a 5' cap and a 3' tail
    5. Pre-mRNA splicing occurs by the action of a spliceosome





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