| androgens | The main class of male sex hormones. p. 325
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| anorexia nervosa | An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation. p. 323
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| attribution theory | Views people as motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior. p. 333
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| basal metabolism rate (BMR) | The minimal amount of energy an individual uses in a resting state. p. 321
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| bulimia nervosa | An eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern. p. 323
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| display rules | Sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed. p. 345
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| drive | An aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. p. 315
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| emotion | Feeling, or affect, that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression. p. 336
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| estrogens | The main class of female sex hormones. p. 325
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| extrinsic motivation | Involves external incentives, such as rewards and punishments. p. 316
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| facial feedback hypothesis | States that facial expressions can influence emotions, as well as reflect them. p. 344
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| hierarchy of needs | Maslow's view that individuals' main needs are satisfied in the following sequence: physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization. p. 317
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| homeostasis | The body's tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or steady state. p. 315
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| human sexual response pattern | Identified by Masters and Johnson; consists of four phases–excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. p. 325
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| hypothesis | An idea that is a testable prediction, often arrived at logically from a theory. p. 10
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| instinct | An innate (unlearned), biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species. p. 315
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| intrinsic motivation | Based on internal factors, such as self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort. p. 316
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| motivation | Why people behave, think, and feel the way they do. Motivated behavior is energized, directed, and sustained. p. 315
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| need | A deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation. p. 315
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| need for achievement | The desire to accomplish something, to reach a standard of excellence, and to expend effort to excel. p. 333
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| negative affectivity (NA) | Refers to the negative emotions, such as anxiety, anger, guilt, and sadness. p. 346
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| pheromones | Odorous substances released by animals that are powerful attractants. p. 327
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| polygraph | A machine that monitors changes physiological thought to be influenced by emotional states; it is used by examiners to try to determine if someone is lying. p. 337
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| psychosexual dysfunction | A disorder that involves impairments in the sexual response pattern, either in the desire for gratification or the ability to achieve it. p. 328
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| self-actualization | The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs; the motivation to develop one's full potential as a human being. p. 317
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| set point | The weight maintained when no effort is made to gain or lose weight. p. 321
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| two-factor theory of emotion | Schachter and Singer's theory that emotion is determined by two main factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. p. 340
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